Table 3.

Validation of methods of predicting % body fat compared to HW

Method		% fat ($\overline{x}$ ± SD)	Slope	Intercept	CE	r	SEE	TE
HW		15.8 ± 4.7
Circumference equations	MC	13.6 ± 4.1	0.88	3.85	2.16*	0.78	3.00	3.7
	NAF	13.4 ± 4.9	0.71	6.24	2.34*	0.74	3.20	4.1†
	A	14.3 ± 4.4	0.77	4.76	1.43	0.73	3.23	3.6
	Friedl	14.4 ± 4.7	0.74	5.12	1.33	0.75	3.15	3.5

* Represents significance (p < 0.0125), ^† Represents an unacceptable TE (TE > 4.0% BF)

CE = Constant error, TE = Total error, SEE = Standard error of estimate, r = Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient.

HW = Hydrostatic weighing [4], %fat = [(4.57/body density) - 4.142] × 100

MC – Marine Corps [18], %fat = (0.740 × abdominal circumference in cm) - (1.249 × neck circumference in cm) + 0.985

NAF – Navy and Air Force [21], % fat = [(4.95/body density) - 4.5] × 100

NAF [20], body density = [0.155 × log (height in cm)] - [0.191 × log (abdominal - neck circumference in cm)] + 1.032

Army [19], %fat = [76.5 × log (abdominal - neck circumference in cm)] - [68.7 × log (height in cm)] + 43.7

Friedl [8], %fat = [0.771 × (abdominal - neck circumference in cm)] - (0.132 × height in cm) + 4.29