TABLE 4.

Description of Retinal Hemorrhages in Children With Noninflicted TBI

Case	Mechanism of Injury	Type of Hemorrhages	Other Head Injuries
1	MVC	≥15 preretinal hemorrhages from ¼ to ½ disc area in size seen in both eyes, more numerous around the optic nerve and extend into the midperiphery	Bilateral orbital roof fractures; fractures of orbital medial walls with intact inferior walls; right parietal skull fracture; right subdural hemorrhage
2	MVC	Right-sided retinal flare hemorrhages; Purtscher retinopathy	Bilateral parietal skull fracture; left subdural hemorrhage
3*	Television fell on head	Blood around optic nerves (bilaterally); extensive, confluent retinal hemorrhages involving all layers of the retina and extending to the periphery; retinal detachments bilaterally	Bilateral parietal fracture; bilateral epidural and subdural hematoma; intracranial hemorrhage; anoxic brain injury
4	MVC	Preretinal hemorrhages on the left side	Left orbital roof and left-frontal fracture; left subdural hemorrhage
5†	MVC	Bilateral retinal hemorrhages	Epidural hemorrhage; anoxic injury
6	Dropped 4 feet onto tile	Left retinal and preretinal hemorrhages; scattered posterior pole dot/blot retinal hemorrhages and preretinal hemorrhages	Linear right parietal skull fracture; left cerebral confusion; left subdural with midline shift

^*Pathology report.

^†Pediatrician examination only.