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Insulin sequence and site of modifications. Primary structure of insulin with the A-chain shown above and the B-chain shown below. The A8–A9 split product (boxed) and asparagine deamidation (circled N) have been observed in therapeutic insulin preparations (Brange et al. 1992). In this work, the modified forms of insulin identified in insulin amyloid fibrils include both deamidated asparagines (positions A21 and B3) and deamidation of glutamine at position B4 (circled Q).
