Table 1.

Participants in Study 1 and Study 2

				Sex
Experiment	Group	Ethnicity	Grade	F	M	Group total
1 & 2	Order 1	AA	1	6	1	30
			2	3	4
		EA	1	2	2
			2	2	2
		LA	1	3	1
			2	2	2
1	Order 2	AA	1	1	3	28
			2	2	2
		EA	1	3	2
			2	6	1
		LA	1	4	0
			2	3	1
2	TD	AA	1	2	0	27
			2	0	3
		EA	1	2	4
			2	3	4
		LA	1	2	1
			2	1	3
		Unknown	2	0	2
2	LI	AA	1	1	3	14
			2	1	1
		EA	1	0	1
			2	0	1
		LA	1	1	2
			2	1	2

Note. For Order 1 in Experiment 1, Two Friends was used as the pretest; Bird and His Ring was used as the posttest. Children in Order 1 were also the control group for Experiment 2. For Order 2 in Experiment 1, Bird and His Ring was used as the pretest; Two Friends was used as the posttest. F = female; M = male; TD = typical development; LI = language impairment; AA = African American; EA = European American; LA = Latino American.