TABLE 1.
Secondary Trauma
|
Burnout
|
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample
|
Low
|
High
|
Low
|
High
|
||||||
Sample Characteristics | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n |
Gender | ||||||||||
Male | 20.5 | 47 | 21.5 | 42 | 14.7 | 5 | 21.0 | 41 | 17.6 | 6 |
Female | 79.5 | 182 | 78.5 | 153 | 85.3 | 29 | 79.0 | 154 | 82.4 | 28 |
Race | ||||||||||
Non-White | 11.5 | 27 | 11.7 | 23 | 10.8 | 4 | 11.6 | 23 | 11.4 | 4 |
White | 88.5 | 207 | 88.3 | 174 | 89.2 | 33 | 88.4 | 176 | 88.6 | 31 |
Age | ||||||||||
49 or younger | 17.2 | 39 | 18.1 | 35 | 11.8 | 4 | 16.9 | 33 | 18.8 | 6 |
50 to 59 | 49.8 | 113 | 48.2 | 93 | 58.8 | 20 | 48.7 | 95 | 56.3 | 18 |
60 or older | 33.0 | 75 | 33.7 | 65 | 29.4 | 10 | 34.4 | 67 | 25.0 | 8 |
Marital status | ||||||||||
Not married | 42.3 | 99 | 40.6 | 80 | 51.4 | 19 | 39.2 | 78 | 60.0 | 21* |
Married | 57.7 | 135 | 59.4 | 117 | 48.6 | 18 | 60.8 | 121 | 40.0 | 14 |
Children younger than 18 in home | ||||||||||
No | 75.2 | 176 | 73.1 | 144 | 86.5 | 32 | 74.4 | 148 | 80.0 | 28 |
Yes | 24.8 | 58 | 26.9 | 53 | 13.5 | 5 | 25.6 | 51 | 20.0 | 7 |
Years counseling experience | ||||||||||
10 years or less | 5.6 | 13 | 6.6 | 13 | 0.0 | 0 | 6.6 | 13 | 0.0 | 0 |
11 to 20 years | 32.6 | 76 | 31.0 | 61 | 41.7 | 15 | 31.8 | 63 | 37.1 | 13 |
21 to 30 years | 47.2 | 110 | 47.7 | 94 | 44.4 | 16 | 46.5 | 92 | 51.4 | 18 |
30 or more years | 14.6 | 34 | 14.7 | 29 | 13.9 | 5 | 15.2 | 30 | 11.4 | 4 |
Negative life events past year | ||||||||||
Low (0 or 1 event) | 69.1 | 163 | 72.5 | 144 | 51.4 | 19* | 72.6 | 146 | 48.6 | 17** |
High (2 or more events) | 30.9 | 73 | 27.6 | 55 | 48.6 | 18 | 27.4 | 55 | 51.4 | 18 |
Lifetime traumatic events | ||||||||||
Low (0 to 2 events) | 65.7 | 155 | 66.8 | 133 | 59.5 | 22 | 68.7 | 138 | 48.6 | 17* |
High (3 or more events) | 34.3 | 81 | 33.2 | 66 | 40.5 | 15 | 31.3 | 63 | 51.4 | 18 |
Clients who are victims of violence | ||||||||||
Less than 20% | 80.9 | 191 | 81.4 | 162 | 78.4 | 29 | 79.6 | 160 | 88.6 | 31 |
20% or more | 19.1 | 45 | 18.6 | 37 | 21.6 | 8 | 20.4 | 41 | 11.4 | 4 |
World Trade Center counseling involvement | ||||||||||
Low (less than 4 types) | 81.8 | 193 | 82.9 | 165 | 75.7 | 28 | 81.6 | 164 | 82.9 | 29 |
High (4 or more types) | 18.2 | 43 | 17.1 | 34 | 24.3 | 9 | 18.4 | 37 | 17.1 | 6 |
World Trade Center recovery involvement | ||||||||||
Low (less than 4 activities) | 80.9 | 191 | 84.9 | 169 | 59.5 | 22*** | 81.1 | 163 | 80.0 | 28 |
High (4 or more activities) | 19.1 | 45 | 15.1 | 30 | 40.5 | 15 | 18.9 | 38 | 20.0 | 7 |
General social support | ||||||||||
Low | 45.9 | 105 | 44.0 | 85 | 55.6 | 20 | 45.2 | 89 | 50.0 | 16 |
High | 54.1 | 124 | 56.0 | 108 | 44.4 | 16 | 54.8 | 108 | 50.0 | 16 |
Sense of mastery | ||||||||||
Low | 42.1 | 98 | 38.4 | 76 | 62.9 | 22** | 35.2 | 70 | 82.4 | 28*** |
High | 57.9 | 135 | 61.6 | 122 | 37.1 | 13 | 64.8 | 129 | 17.6 | 6 |
Have enough info to work effectively | ||||||||||
No | 62.1 | 144 | 59.7 | 117 | 75.0 | 27 | 59.8 | 119 | 75.8 | 25 |
Yes | 37.9 | 88 | 40.3 | 79 | 25.0 | 9 | 40.2 | 80 | 24.2 | 8 |
Support from coworker or supervisor | ||||||||||
Low | 64.0 | 151 | 64.3 | 128 | 62.2 | 23 | 63.2 | 127 | 68.6 | 24 |
High | 36.0 | 85 | 35.7 | 71 | 37.8 | 14 | 36.8 | 74 | 31.4 | 11 |
Poor health habits due to work | ||||||||||
No | 67.5 | 154 | 67.7 | 130 | 66.7 | 24 | 69.9 | 137 | 53.1 | 17 |
Yes | 32.5 | 74 | 32.3 | 62 | 33.3 | 12 | 30.1 | 59 | 46.9 | 15 |
General Health Questionnaire score | ||||||||||
Low (less than 4) | 80.1 | 189 | 84.9 | 169 | 54.1 | 20*** | 85.1 | 171 | 51.4 | 18*** |
High (4 or more) | 19.9 | 47 | 15.1 | 30 | 45.9 | 17 | 14.9 | 30 | 48.6 | 17 |
Secondary trauma score | ||||||||||
Low | 84.3 | 199 | — | — | — | — | 90.5 | 182 | 48.6 | 17*** |
High | 15.7 | 37 | — | — | — | — | 9.5 | 19 | 51.4 | 18 |
Job burnout score | ||||||||||
Low | 85.2 | 301 | 91.5 | 182 | 51.4 | 19*** | — | — | — | — |
High | 14.8 | 35 | 8.5 | 17 | 48.6 | 18 | — | — | — | — |
NOTE: N = 236.
p < .05.
p < .01.
p < .001. χ2 test.