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. 2008 Feb 12;116(5):583–592. doi: 10.1289/ehp.10925

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Logic model of the NIEHS extramural research program. Arrows represent linkages between the logic model components. Pathways are identified by letter and color as follows: (A) NIEHS and (other) government pathway (purple) illustrates the research process from inputs to outcomes created by, provided by, or carried out by NIEHS as an agency or by NIEHS staff. It also includes the outcomes related to other federal, state, or local government agencies—specifically, policy assessments, monitoring or surveillance systems, and new laws, regulations, and standards—leading to improvements in the environment and resulting in reduced human exposure. (B) The grantee institution pathway (light blue) illustrates the research process controlled by grant-funded institutions and conducted by grant-supported investigators. It describes various uses for grant funds for research and development of staff and communities of science, leading to guidelines and scientific knowledge that result in clinical practice changes by health care providers to improved human health. (C) The business and industry pathway (orange) illustrates the commercial contribution to the research process provided most frequently by businesses and their representatives, including public–private cooperative research to develop new patents, drugs, products, and services. This institutional path also reflects business and industry’s environmental health impacts; these include their actions and responses to regulations that lead to changes in operations that reduce environmental hazards and reduce emissions. (D) The community pathway (dark blue) describes the participation of partners in the research process, such as nongovernmental organizations, community hospitals and clinics, schools, and the general public. The model includes the facilitation of (and participation in) research by the community as well as education and training, community outreach, and public awareness about the research, that in turn results in behavior changes, community advocacy, and personal and local choices that reduce negative impact on human health.