Mutational analyses of H3.1 and H3t. (A) Sequence comparison between human H3.1 and H3t. The different amino acids between H3.1 and H3t are indicated by capital letters. Cylinders indicate α-helices found in the crystal structure of the human nucleosome core particle (39). (B) SDS–PAGE analysis of the H3.1 mutants complexed with H4. Lane 1: molecular mass markers. Lanes 2 and 3: purified H3.1/H4 and H3t/H4, respectively. Lanes 4–7: H3.1 mutants complexed with H4; lane 4: H3.1(A24V), lane 5: H3.1(V71M), lane 6: H3.1(A98S) and lane 7: H3.1(A111V). (C) Nucleosome-reconstitution with the H3.1 mutants by hNAP1 or hNAP2, analyzed by non-denaturing 6% PAGE. A total of 195 bp 5S DNA was incubated with hNap1 (lanes 2–7) or hNap2 (lanes 8–10) in combination with H3.1/H4 (lanes 2 and 8), H3t/H4 (lanes 3 and 9) and H3.1 mutants/H4 (lanes 4–7 and 10); all reactions were performed in the presence of H2A/H2B. (D) SDS–PAGE analysis of the H3t(V111A) mutant complexed with H4. (E) Nucleosome-reconstitution with H3t(V111A)/H4 by hNap1 or hNap2, analyzed by non-denaturing 6% PAGE. A total of 195 bp 5S DNA was incubated with hNap1 (lanes 2–4) or hNap2 (lanes 5–7) in combination with H3t/H4 (lanes 2 and 5), H3t(V111A)/H4 (lanes 3 and 6) and H3.1/H4 (lanes 4 and 7); all reactions were performed in the presence of H2A/H2B.