Figure 11.

(a) Electrochemical and (b) photochemical bonding mechanisms. (a, i–v) Nitrophenyl linker molecules are electrochemically bonded to H- or O-terminated diamond. Nitrophenyl is reduced to aminophenyl and reacted with a heterobifunctional cross-linker. Finally, thiol-modified ss-DNA is attached. (b, i–v) Amine molecules are photochemically and covalently attached to H-terminated diamond. The linker molecules are then deprotected and reacted with the heterobifunctional cross-linker and thiol-modified ss-DNA.