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Schematic DNA hybridization detection mechanism using Fe(CN6)3−/4− as mediator redox molecules. In the case of ss-DNA, the negatively charged redox molecules Fe(CN6)3−/4−(blue balls) can diffuse through the DNA layer. After hybridization, the space between individual ds-DNA molecules becomes too small for negatively charged molecules to overcome the repulsive Coulomb forces from the negatively charged backbone of ds-DNA.
