Table 1.

Major structural characteristics of the "natively unfolded" proteins

Protein	Length, a. a. r.	[θ]200, deg cm2 dmol−1	[θ]222, deg cm2 dmol−1	Vh, Å3	Reference
Thymosin α1	28	−15,700	−2000		Grottesi et al. 1998
c-Jun oncoprotein, basic subdomain	29	−19,200	−1100		Krebs et al. 1995
P19Arf tumor suppressor protein, N-terminal fragment	37	−19,000	−1500		DiGiammarino et al. 2001
Bacteriophage Pf1 gene 5 protein, C-terminal domain	38	−20,500	−800		Fox et al. 2001
WW domain of Yes-associated protein, W17F mutant	38	−16,400	−2000		Koepf et al. 1999
50S ribosomal protein L34	46	−25,300	−2100		Venyaminov et al. 1981
α-Tubulin, 404–451 fragment	48	−17,300	−1500		Jimenez et al. 1999
β-Tubulin, 394–445 fragment	52	−16,600	−2000		Jimenez et al. 1999
Calpastatin, domain I	53	−23,600	−2500		Konno et al. 1997
50S ribosomal protein L33	54	−21,300	−2000		Venyaminov et al. 1981
HIV-1 integrase, N-terminal domain	55	−17,500	−2000		Zheng et al. 1996
RNA polymerase II, C-terminal domain	56	−15,000	−1500		Bienkiewicz et al. 2000
Galline	61	−25,000	−1000		Nakano et al. 1989
B-cell specific transcription coactivator Bob1, N-terminal domain	65	−17,500	−1700		Chang et al. 1999
Nonhistone chromosomal protein HMG-H6	69	−22,000	−1000		Cary et al. 1981
50S ribosomal protein L31	70	−20,000	−1500		Venyaminov et al. 1981
30S ribosomal protein S21	70	−20,300	−3000		Venyaminov et al. 1981
Subtilisin BPN` pro-domain	75	−17,500	−2000		Tangrea et al. 2001
Phosphodiesterase γ-subunit	83	−14,940	−1690	73,622	Uversky et al. 2002
50S ribosomal protein L27	84	−17,700	−2000		Venyaminov et al. 1981
Vmw65, carboxyl-terminal transactivation domain	87	−21,155	−1840	91,952	Donaldson and Capone 1992
Nonhistone chromosomal protein HMG-17	89	−21,500	−1300	93,097	Abercrombie et al. 1978
30S ribosomal protein S19	91	−17,000	−1200		Venyaminov et al. 1981
Em protein	93	−18,340	−2440	93,937	McCubbin and Kay 1985
Nonhistone chromosomal protein HMG-14	100	−17,800	−1950		Cary et al. 1980
Human sperm protamine P2	102	−20,000	−1200		Gatewood et al. 1990
Human sperm protamine P3	103	−21,000	−1000		Gatewood et al. 1990
Apo-cytochrome c	104			103,097	Stellwagen et al. 1972
Prothymosin α	110	−22,000	−500	60,105	Gast et al. 1995; Uversky et al. 1999
50S ribosomal protein L22	110	−22,500	−3000		Venyaminov et al. 1981
Fibronectin-binding domain B-type, S. dysgalactiae	112	−19,200	−1500	121,200	House-Pompco et al. 1996
4E-binding protein 1	118	−16,500	−2250		Fletcher et al. 1998
NF-κB transcription factor, p65 subunit	120	−18,000	−800		Schmitz et al. 1994
Fibronectin-binding domain A-type, S. dysgalactiae	124	−22,000	−1200	134,434	House-Pompeo et al. 1996
Fibronectin-binding domain, D-type, S. aureus	134	−21,000	−1200	134,701	House-Pompeo et al. 1996
β-Synuclein	134	−15,495	−2124	137,258
γ-Synuclein	134	−15,560	−2031	117,681
α-Synuclein	140	−15,309	−2073	141,155	Weinreb et al. 1996; Uversky et al. 2001b
Helix destabilizing protein (Pf1 gene 5 protein)	144	−17,500	−700		Bogdarina et al. 1998
Stathmin	148			150,533	Belmont and Mitchinson, 1996
Calpastatin, domain I	148	−16,800	−2500		Konno et al. 1997
Dessication-related protein	155	−19,000	−1000		Lisse et al. 1996
Thyroid transcription factor-1, N-terminal domain	156	−16,700	−1350		Tell et al. 1998
DFF45 N-terminal domain	116	−23,000	−500		Zhou et al. 2001
C-terminal domain of bZIP transcription factor Fos	164	−16,000	−1000	179,594	Campbell et al. 2000
Myelin-binding protein	196	−15,200	−1000		Polverini et al. 1999
Nonhistone chromosomal protein HMG-T	204	−18,000	−2000		Cary et al. 1981
Extracellular domain of the low affinity NGF receptor	222	−21,500	−500		Timm et al. 1992
CREB, truncated form (ACT265)	265	−15,300	−2000		Richards et al. 1996
Salivary proline-rich glycoprotein	293	−25,000	−3500		Loomis et al. 1985
Histidine-rich protein II	327	−16,000	−2000		Lynn et al. 1999
GAGA factor, glutamine-rich domain	383	−18,500	−2300		Agianian et al. 1999
Chromogranin A	439	−16,000	−2500	838,603	Yoo and Albanesi 1990
Caldesmon	771			3,156,551	Lynch et al. 1987
Microtubule-associated protein MAP2	1827	−19,500	−2980	7,606,206	Hernández et al. 1986
Parathyroid hormone-related protein, N-terminal fragment	34	−13,500	−4000		Willis 1994
Naturally occurring peptide L1-37	37	−11,400	−3000		Johansson et al. 1998
DNA polymerase I, substrate-binding peptide	50	−11,000	−4000		Mullen et al. 1993
Osteocalcin	50	−10,000	−4500	26,094	Isbell et al. 1993; Dowd et al. 2001
50S ribosomal protein L32	56	−12,400	−4050		Venyaminov et al. 1981
GCN4, DNA-binding domain	57	−9800	−4750		Weiss et al. 1990
RNase HI, C-terminal domain (88–155)	68	−12,500	−5100		Kanaya and Kanaya 1995
Rhodostomin	68	−11,629	−2350		Guo et al. 2001
Lysozyme 1-40/98-127	69	−12,500	−5500	28,731	Demarest et al. 2001
Heat stable protein kinase inhibitor	72	−8500	−2,662	46,452	Thomas et al. 1991
30S ribosomal protein S18	74	−12,000	−4500		Venyaminov et al. 1981
SMK killer toxin, β-subunit	77	−11,000	−2500		Suzuki et al. 1997
Tropomodulin, N11 fragment	91	−8500	−3500		Kostyukova et al. 2000
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1, N-terminal domain	94	−10,000	−2500		Kriwacki et al. 1996
β-Dystroglycan, extracellular region	96	−11,500	−3,780		Di Stasio et al. 1999
HPV16 E7 protein	98	−10,800	−5200		Pahel et al. 1993
50S ribosomal protein L23	99	−12,700	−7100		Venyaminov et al. 1981
50S ribosomal protein L24	103	−9900	−2700		Venyaminov et al. 1981
Reduced RNase T1	104	−10,700	−2900		Baskakov and Bolen 1998
DNA-binding domain of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor	110	−10,000	−5,000		Creig et al. 1997
RNase P	116	−11,000	−3,000		Henkels et al. 2001
50S ribosomal protein L14	120	−9300	−3000		Venyaminov et al. 1981
30S ribosomal protein S12	123	−12,000	−3500		Venyaminov et al. 1981
Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR, N-terminal domain	131	−11,000	−3000		Song et al. 2001
SNase, Δ131Δ fragment	131	−12,000	−3600	65,450	Alexandrescu and Shortle 1994; Shortle and Meeker 1989
Caldesmon, 636–771 fragment	136	−12,200	−3440	89,656	Uversky, unpubl commun
cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor	155			124,788	Aswad and Greengard 1981
MAX-protein	163	−10,500	−6,100		Horiuchi et al. 1997
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1	164	−11,000	−3060		Kriwacki et al. 1996
Heat-shock transcription factor, N-terminal activation domain (S. cerevisiae)	167	−9500	−3500		Cho et al. 1996
Protein phosphatase inhibitor-1	171			141,092	Nimmo and Cohen 1978
Glucocorticoid receptor, 77–262 fragment	186	−8000	−3200		Baskakov et al. 1999
Heat-shock transcription factor, N-terminal activation domain (K. lactis)	194	−10,000	−4000		Cho et al. 1996
αs-Casein	199	−11,000	−4500		Bhattacharyya and Das 1999
Dopamine- and cAMP-regulated neuronal phosphoprotein, DARPP-32	202			164,636	Nemmings et al. 1984
50S ribosomal protein L3	209	−10,100	−3300		Venyaminov et al. 1981
Histone H1	224	−9450	−3150		Tarkka et al. 1997
Manganese stabilizing protein, L245E mutant	247	−10,000	−3500	146,464	Lydakis-Simantiris et al. 1999
Sec9, SNAP-25-like domain	251	−11,000	−5500		Rice et al. 1997
50S ribosomal protein L2	272	−10,400	−2500		Venyaminov et al. 1981
SPARC, BM-40, osteonectin	285	−12,000	−5150		Engel et al. 1987
GAGA factor, central domain	307	−9000	−3300		Agianian et al. 1999
Calreticulin, human−41C fragment	359			413,061	Bouvier and Stafford 2000
Calsequestrin	367	−8500	−4000	381,704	Cozens and Reithmeier 1984; He et al. 1993
Calreticulin, human	400			413,061	Bouvier and Stafford 2000
Calreticulin, bovine	407			361,706	Bouvier and Stafford 2000
Soluble transducer HtrXI	451	−10,300	−4500		Larsen et al. 1999
Taka-amylase A, reduced	477			335,367	Tanford 1968
SdrD protein, B1–B5 fragment	562	−10,560	−4,120	685,568	Josefsson et al. 1998
Secretogranin (chromatogranin B)	657	−10,500	−4250	533,080	Yoo 1995
DNA topoisomerase I	765			830,031	Stewart et al. 1996
Fibronectin	4772			6,370,626	Pelta et al. 2000