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. 2008 May 12;205(5):1227–1242. doi: 10.1084/jem.20071460

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© 2008 Lange et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.jem.org/misc/terms.shtml). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).

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Figure 7. — Role of ATF4 in brain ischemia. (A, top) Sagittal sections of ATF4^+/+ (left) and ATF4^−/− (right) brains stained with cresyl violet. Bar, 3,000 μm. (A, middle) Ventral view of large cerebral blood vessels of representative ATF4^+/+ (left) and ATF4^−/− (right) mice that were perfused with India ink. Note the higher degree of tortuosity of the MCA in the brain from the ATF4^−/− mouse. Bar, 3,000 μm. (A, bottom) Representative microscopic views of brain sections from ATF4^+/+ and ATF4^−/− mice that were immunostained for the endothelial cell–specific marker CD31 (green). Bar, 100 μm. (B) Representative brain sections at 4 d after MCAo from ATF4^+/+ (n = 5) and ATF4^−/− (n = 6) mice from rostral to caudal stained with cresyl violet to determine the infarct area. Bar, 1,000 μm. (C) The infarct area in ATF4^+/+ (♦) and ATF4^−/− (▪) brains was measured in 12 sequential sections taken from ATF4^+/+ (n = 5) and ATF4^−/− (n = 6) mice at rostral to caudal regular intervals. Graph depicts mean ± SD. (D) The infarct volume was assessed by adding the infarct volumes based on the infarct area in each section. Graph depicts mean ± SD. *, P < 0.0001 by the t test. (E) Scoring of neurological deficit was assessed at different time points of recovery in ATF4^+/+ (n = 5) and ATF4^−/− (n = 4) mice. Graph depicts mean ± SD. *, P < 0.05 by the Mann-Whitney test. (F) Inclined plane test at different time points after stroke in ATF4^+/+ (n = 5) and ATF4^−/− (n = 4) mice. The test measured the time a mouse managed to hold itself on an inclined glass plate angled at 50° before sliding down. Graph depicts mean ± SD. *, P < 0.05 by the t test. (G) Hanging wire test at different time points after stroke in ATF4^+/+ (n = 5) and ATF4^−/− (n = 4) mice. The hanging wire test determined the time it took an animal to cross a distance of 45 cm on a freely hanging narrow metal bar. Graph depicts mean ± SD. *, P < 0.05 by the t test.