. 2008 Feb 19;12(1):R23. doi: 10.1186/cc6797

Table 5.

Mean treatment costs by treatment characteristics

Mean total cost (£)	Injury Severity Score

	0–9	10–16	17–25	26–75	All
By mode of arrival
Ambulance	6,521	9,044	13,774	19,824	9,575
Helicopter	8,939	11,465	18,006	26,608	16,692
Car	4,266	4,580	6,392	5,602	4,346
By time from emergency call to arrival at the A&E department^a
0 to 1 hours	6,267	8,635	13,243	17,507	8,651
1 to 2 hours	6,680	8,899	14,482	19,982	9,405
2 to 3 hours	8,618	12,693	10,931	29,073	13,083
3 to 4 hours	12,680	16,074	18,024	26,440	19,286
4+ hours	12,087	14,780	16,875	23,601	17,537
By time in the A&E department
0 to 1 hours	7,917	11,566	16,465	21,805	14,254
1 to 2 hours	6,512	10,686	18,447	23,575	11,122
2 to 3 hours	6,246	8,833	15,109	22,215	8,984
3 to 4 hours	5,730	7,834	14,139	20,648	8,097
4+ hours	5,898	7,896	12,198	19,172	8,038
By grade of most senior doctor seen in the A&E department
Consultant	7,283	10,290	15,562	22,261	12,974
Middle grade	6,508	9,350	14,185	20,983	10,524
Senior house officer	5,755	7,227	11,453	16,135	6,585
By specialty of doctors seen in the A&E department
Emergency medicine	5,906	8,009	13,138	19,844	8,144
Orthopaedics	6,195	9,154	14,805	23,605	8,912
Anaesthesia	10,091	13,162	18,272	23,820	17,697
Neurosurgery	7,858	10,396	14,361	20,906	14,336
General surgery	8,033	10,346	15,939	23,880	14,877
By surgery^b
Bone fixation^c
No	6,076	9,032	13,577	19,986	10,469
Yes	6,290	8,909	16,793	26,135	8,323
Wound debridement
No	5,998	8,761	14,045	20,726	9,308
Yes	9,149	11,302	16,683	27,938	12,592
Intracranial procedures^d
No	6,169	8,418	13,311	20,678	8,877
Yes	22,430	21,006	19,535	23,157	21,495
By length of stay in critical care
0 days	5,436	5,628	5,711	5,177	5,480
1 to 5 days	9,514	9,962	10,357	9,866	9,936
6 to 10 days	18,914	20,906	20,086	21,624	20,716
11+ days	42,767	41,730	41,827	45,135	43,589
By total length of stay^e
0 to 5 days	3,270	3,142	3,611	3,958	3,350
6 to 10 days	4,544	5,116	6,538	9,074	5,116
11 to 20 days	6,658	8,346	10,858	15,136	8,420
21 to 30 days	10,358	13,472	18,700	21,797	14,344
31 to 40 days	13,830	17,890	23,734	30,116	20,142
41 to 50 days	15,949	22,869	29,074	36,596	25,175
51+ days	26,791	34,697	41,630	49,338	39,025

A&E, accident and emergency. ^aAmong those arriving by ambulance. ^bBased on the 10 most common procedures. ^cIncluding open reduction and internal fixation, nail insertion, manipulation of bone, screw insertion, external fixation and K-wire insertion. ^dIncluding evacuation of extradural haematoma/subdural haematoma, intracranial pressure monitor and craniotomy. ^eIncluding length of stay in critical care; figures pertain both to those who were admitted to critical care and those who were not.