TABLE 2—
Ratio of Relative Risk (RRR; With 95% Confidence Intervals [CIs]) for Being in a Stage of Change in Physical Activity Rather Than Maintenance Among an Adult Sample (n= 3454): Rhode Island, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2000
| Precontemplation, RRR (95% CI) | Contemplation, RRR (95% CI) | Preparation, RRR (95% CI) | Action, RRR (95% CI) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Men | 0.61 (0.43, 0.85) | 0.74 (0.55, 1.01) | 0.71 (0.57, 0.88) | 0.62 (0.44, 0.90) |
| Women (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Age category, y | ||||
| 18–34 | 0.45 (0.26, 0.78) | 0.73 (0.45, 1.20) | 1.09 (0.78, 1.53) | 1.66 (0.95, 2.91) |
| 35–54 | 0.70 (0.48-1.03) | 0.88 (0.60, 1.27) | 1.28 (0.97, 1.67) | 1.09 (0.66, 1.78) |
| ≥55 (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.81 (0.88, 3.72) | 1.92 (0.95, 3.88) | 1.88 (1.09, 3.24) | 1.42 (0.60, 3.39) |
| Hispanic | 2.02 (1.17, 3.48) | 2.14 (1.33, 3.44) | 0.58 (0.35, 0.96) | 1.35 (0.64, 2.87) |
| Other | 1.89 (0.60, 5.96) | 1.99 (0.67, 5.88) | 0.67 (0.33, 1.35) | 1.05 (0.35, 3.14) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married or unmarried couple | 1.45 (0.85, 2.46) | 1.13 (0.48, 1.80) | 1.19 (0.88, 1.60) | 0.86 (0.54, 1.38) |
| Divorced or separated | 0.93 (0.51, 1.72) | 1.29 (0.75, 2.19) | 1.13 (0.76, 1.67) | 0.54 (0.29, 1.00) |
| Widowed | 1.43 (0.73, 2.80) | 0.93 (0.48, 1.80) | 1.00 (0.61, 1.63) | 0.44 (0.19, 1.02) |
| Never been married (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Highest year of school completed | ||||
| Grade 8 or less | 1.87 (0.85, 4.15) | 2.16 (1.05, 4.47) | 0.18 (0.08, 0.42) | 1.48 (0.61, 3.59) |
| Grades 9–11 | 2.27 (1.28, 4.00) | 1.08 (0.61, 1.93) | 0.60 (0.38, 0.94) | 1.14 (0.56, 2.35) |
| Grade 12 or GED | 1.37 (0.86, 2.16) | 1.35 (0.91, 2.01) | 0.56 (0.42, 0.74) | 0.96 (0.59, 1.57) |
| 1–3 years of college | 1.25 (0.77, 2.02) | 1.05 (0.67, 1.62) | 0.72 (0.55, 0.93) | 1.33 (0.85, 2.07) |
| 4 or more years of college (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current smoker—every day | 0.74 (0.46, 1.18) | 0.70 (0.47, 1.06) | 1.02 (0.75, 1.38) | 1.29 (0.81, 2.05) |
| Current smoker—some days | 0.67 (0.34, 1.32) | 0.73 (0.35, 1.53) | 0.89 (0.56, 1.42) | 0.48 (0.22, 1.04) |
| Former smoker | 0.66 (0.46, 0.96) | 0.89 (0.63, 1.25) | 0.87 (0.66, 1.13) | 1.00 (0.63, 1.59) |
| Never smoked (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Body mass index,a kg/m2 | ||||
| < 20 (underweight) | 1.31 (0.72, 2.39) | 0.33 (0.16, 0.69) | 0.58 (0.36, 0.95) | 1.04 (0.53, 2.04) |
| 20–24 (normal weight) | 0.81 (0.55, 1.20) | 0.72 (0.49, 1.06) | 0.83 (0.62, 1.11) | 0.80 (0.49, 1.31) |
| 25–29 (overweight) | 0.80 (0.52, 1.21) | 0.62 (0.42, 0.89) | 1.03 (0.76, 1.38) | 1.32 (0.83, 2.10) |
| ≤30 (obese) (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Given diabetes diagnosis | 0.93 (0.51, 1.71) | 0.95 (0.54, 1.69) | 1.18 (0.75, 1.85) | 1.27 (0.62, 2.61) |
| Self-perceived health | ||||
| Excellent | 0.15 (0.06, 0.35) | 0.26 (0.10, 0.66) | 0.32 (0.16, 0.61) | 0.18 (0.66, 0.50) |
| Very good | 0.25 (0.12, 0.51) | 0.30 (0.12, 0.71) | 0.41 (0.22, 0.77) | 0.23 (0.09, 0.55) |
| Good | 0.28 (0.14, 0.56) | 0.43 (0.19, 0.98) | 0.44 (0.24, 0.80) | 0.26 (0.11, 0.63) |
| Fair | 0.62 (0.32, 1.23) | 0.48 (0.21, 1.10) | 0.54 (0.28, 1.05) | 0.37 (0.15, 0.94) |
| Poor (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Limited in any way by impairment or health problemb | 1.76 (1.22, 2.59) | 1.42 (0.96, 2.10) | 1.23 (0.92, 1.65) | 1.79 (1.03, 3.13) |
| No. of days in past 30 felt very healthy and full of energy | ||||
| 0–10 | 1.78 (1.22, 2.61) | 1.81 (1.28, 2.56) | 1.78 (1.37, 2.32) | 1.22 (0.79, 1.86) |
| 11–20 | 0.82 (0.49, 1.39) | 1.16 (0.78, 1.73) | 1.45 (1.12, 1.88) | 1.36 (0.89, 2.09) |
| 21–30 (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Notes. The reference group was the maintenance stage of change.
aBody mass index calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
bMissing data.