FIGURE 1—

Comprehensive approach to intervening on inequalities in infections.

Note. Structural determinants (e.g., political context, income, education) frame intermediary determinants (e.g., housing, occupational conditions) and give rise to social stratification. This process leads to different vulnerabilities and exposures between the better- or worse-off socioeconomic groups, which manifest as health inequities. These inequalities in turn have differential consequences and exacerbate social stratification. Interventions are designed to target the 10 essential public health functions that are fundamental and indispensable to public health.