Table 4.
Maximum torques of measured muscles at joints of the pelvic limb
| Muscle | Joint | Mean maximum isometric muscle force (N) | Maximum joint torque (Nm kg−1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ambiens | Hip | 1610 | 2.19 |
| Caudofemoralis | Hip | 1090 | 1.34 |
| Flexor cruris lateralis | Hip | 650 | 1.45 |
| Flexor cruris medialis | Hip | 1250 | 1.04 |
| Iliofemoralis externus | Hip | 2150 | 1.41 |
| Iliofibularis | Hip | 1520 | 3.13 |
| Iliotibialis cranialis | Hip | 600 | 1.14 |
| Iliotibialis lateralis | Hip | 3160 | 3.11 |
| Iliotrochantericus caudalis | Hip | 230 | 0.19 |
| Iliotrochantericus cranialis | Hip | 270 | 0.29 |
| Pubo-ischio-femoralis | Hip | 720 | 1.43 |
| Ambiens | Knee | 1610 | 0.62 |
| Femorotibialis externus | Knee | 890 | 0.19 |
| Femorotibialis medius | Knee | 1870 | 1.87 |
| Gastrocnemius (caudalis) | Knee | 890 | 0.56 |
| Gastrocnemius (lateralis) | Knee | 2250 | 0.29 |
| Gastrocnemius (medialis) | Knee | 2830 | 0.77 |
| Iliofibularis | Knee | 1520 | 2.58 |
| Extensor digitorum longus | Ankle | 620 | 0.16 |
| Flexor digitorum longus | Ankle | 1310 | 0.45 |
| Fibularis longus | Ankle | 2800 | 1.04 |
| Flexors (FPDIII, FPDIV, FPetPDIII) | Ankle | 6690 | 3.54 |
| Gastrocnemius | Ankle | 5970 | 4.43 |
| Tibialis cranialis | Ankle | 5110 | 2.04 |
| Extensor digitorum longus | MTP | 620 | 0.19 |
| Flexor digitorum longus | MTP | 1310 | 0.79 |
| Flexors (FPDIII, FPDIV, FPetPDIII) | MTP | 6690 | 5.07 |