Table 3.

 Unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios (or odds ratios*) (95% CI) for health behaviours among mothers from ethnic minority groups, according to indicators of acculturation

	% of participants who engaged in behaviour*	Unadjusted	Adjusted‡
Smoking during pregnancy
Generational status:
Immigrant	9	1	1
1st generation	23	2.92 (2.07 to 4.13)	3.85 (2.50 to 5.93)
2nd generation	54	11.47 (6.24 to 21.09)	4.70 (2.49 to 8.90)
Language spoken at home:
Other language only	7	1	1
English and other language	8	1.19 (0.67 to 2.14)	1.69 (0.80 to 3.56)
English only	31	5.81 (3.32 to 10.16)	4.19 (1.94 to 9.09)
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Generational status:
Immigrant	11	1	1
1st generation	16	1.50 (1.04 to 2.16)	1.43 (0.88 to 2.33)
2nd generation	35	4.28 (2.05 to 8.94)	1.96 (0.88 to 4.37)
Language spoken at home:
Other language only	4	1	1
English and other language	9	2.36 (1.20 to 4.64)	1.39 (0.68 to 2.86)
English only	27	9.49 (4.05 to 22.23)	2.55 (1.05 to 6.21)
Breast feeding initiation
Generational status:
Immigrant	87	1	1
1st generation	85	0.99 (0.94 to 1.03)	0.92 (0.88 to 0.97)
2nd generation	83	0.96 (0.83 to 1.10)	0.86 (0.75 to 0.99)
Language spoken at home:
Other language only	84	1	1
English and other language	85	1.01 (0.94 to 1.08)	0.96 (0.91 to 1.02)
English only	89	1.06 (0.99 to 1.14)	0.88 (0.83 to 0.95)
Breast feeding for at least 4 months
Generational status:
Immigrant	44	1	1
1st generation	35	0.79 (0.69 to 0.90)	0.72 (0.62 to 0.83)
2nd generation	26	0.59 (0.36 to 0.98)	0.52 (0.30 to 0.89)
Language spoken at home:
Other language only	38	1	1
English and other language	39	1.02 (0.87 to 1.20)	0.87 (0.74 to 1.03)
English only	44	1.14 (0.93 to 1.40)	0.76 (0.63 to 0.93)

*Weighted percentage.

†Odds ratios for smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy; rate ratios for initiation of breast feeding and breast feeding for at least 4 months.

‡Adjusted for ethnic group, socioeconomic circumstances, family income, highest academic qualification, single motherhood, age at cohort birth, parity.