Table 1.
Means (SD) of personality traits for never, former, and current-smokers.
| NEO-PI-R scales | Never-smokers (n = 828) | Former-smokers (n = 694) | Current-smokers (n = 116) | F (2, 1635) | η2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuroticism | 46.74a (9.6) | 48.51b (9.2) | 51.86c (9.9) | 17.77** | .021 |
| Extraversion | 50.44 (10.3) | 50.25 (10) | 50.92 (9.4) | .24 | .000 |
| Openness | 52.05 (11.1) | 51.99 (10.6) | 53.68 (10.8) | 1.26 | .002 |
| Agreeableness | 51.04a (10.2) | 49.42b (9.0) | 47.81b (9.6) | 8.94** | .011 |
| Conscientiousness | 51.80a (10.1) | 48.86b (9.7) | 45.59c (10.3) | 29.42** | .035 |
| N1: Anxiety | 47.7a (9.7) | 48.55a (9.6) | 51.57b (10.2) | 8.41** | .010 |
| N2: Angry Hostility | 47.4a (9.4) | 49.51b (9.0) | 51b (9.4) | 14.3** | .017 |
| N3: Depression | 47.16a (9.4) | 48.25a (9.3) | 51.76b (10.6) | 12.57** | .015 |
| N4: Self-consciousness | 48.23 (9.8) | 48.49 (9.2) | 49.59 (10.2) | 1.03 | .001 |
| N5: Impulsiveness | 47.83a (9.3) | 49.56b (9.3) | 53.01c (9.9) | 18.32** | .022 |
| N6: Vulnerability | 46.95a (9.8) | 48.99b (9.6) | 51.11b (9.3) | 14.41** | .017 |
| E1: Warmth | 50.31 (10.1) | 49.67 (9.8) | 49.7 (9.8) | .83 | .001 |
| E2: Gregariousness | 50.17 (10.6) | 50.94 (10) | 50.84 (10) | 1.11 | .001 |
| E3: Assertiveness | 52.79 (10) | 52.12 (9.4) | 50.84 (9.9) | 2.46 | .003 |
| E4: Activity | 51.33 (10.2) | 50.42 (10.6) | 50.17 (10.9) | 1.71 | .002 |
| E5: Excitement-Seeking | 47.14a (9.7) | 48.03a (9) | 50.95b (8.6) | 8.87** | .011 |
| E6: Positive Emotions | 50.17 (11) | 49.62 (10.4) | 50.86 (10.7) | .91 | .001 |
| O1: Fantasy | 50.82 (10.7) | 51 (10.5) | 53.76 (10.5) | 3.94 | .005 |
| O2: Aesthetics | 53.61 (10.1) | 53.22 (10.1) | 53.18 (9.3) | .31 | .000 |
| O3: Feelings | 50.93 (10.2) | 50.54 (9.9) | 53.04 (9.4) | 3.12 | .004 |
| O4: Actions | 50.73 (11.1) | 50.57 (10.2) | 49 (10.3) | 1.35 | .002 |
| O5: Ideas | 51.39 (10.4) | 51.28 (10.2) | 51.28 (10.7) | .03 | .000 |
| O6: Values | 49.85a (10.8) | 50.59a (9.5) | 53.57b (10.3) | 6.93* | .008 |
| A1: Trust | 52.09 (10) | 52.01 (9) | 49.85 (10.6) | 3.72 | .005 |
| A2: Straightforwardness | 51.28a (9.9) | 50.36a (9.5) | 47.83b (8.8) | 6.98* | .008 |
| A3: Altruism | 51a (9.8) | 49.05b (9.5) | 48.58b (9.7) | 9 ** | .011 |
| A4: Compliance | 51.89a (10.8) | 50.07b (10) | 48.60b (9.8) | 8.76** | .011 |
| A5: Modesty | 47.53 (10.2) | 46.74 (9.5) | 46.87 (10.2) | 1.25 | .002 |
| A6: Tender-mindedness | 50.41 (10.2) | 49.58 (9.3) | 50.32 (10.6) | 1.35 | .002 |
| C1: Competence | 53.32a (10) | 50.92b (10.4) | 49.63b (10.7) | 13.9** | .017 |
| C2: Order | 49.21a (10.3) | 47.24b (10.1) | 46.78b (10.8) | 8.12* | .010 |
| C3: Dutifulness | 51.85a (9.3) | 50.37b (8.8) | 46.58c (9.6) | 18.78** | .022 |
| C4: Achievement Striving | 51.78a (10.7) | 49.78b (10.2) | 45.15c (10.3) | 23.08** | .027 |
| C5: Self-Discipline | 49.23a (10.7) | 47.02b (10.5) | 44.43c (10.3) | 15.2** | .018 |
| C6: Deliberation | 52.89a (9.6) | 50.02b (9.5) | 48.08b (10.3) | 24.08** | .029 |
Note. Means with the same superscript are not significantly different, p < .05 after Bonferroni correction.
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01, after Bonferroni correction for 35 comparisons and controlling for sex, age, and education.