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. 2003 Jan 28;88(1):84–89. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600726

Table 3. Consumption of foods with elevated levels of acrylamide, and risk of cancer of the large bowel, bladder and kidney.

  Cancer of large bowel
 Cancer of bladder
 Cancer of kidney
  Adjusteda Adjustedb Adjusteda Adjustedb Adjusteda Adjustedb
  OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI)
Potatoes
French Fries (high levels)
 Never 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref)
 Less often 1.3 (1.0–1.7) 1.3 (0.9–1.7) 1.1 (0.7–1.5) 0.8 (0.5–1.3) 0.9 (0.6–1.5) 0.9 (0.5–1.4)
 2–3 times per month 0.9 (0.6–1.3) 0.8 (0.6–1.2) 0.8 (0.5–1.4) 1.0 (0.6–1.6) 0.9 (0.5–1.6) 0.7 (0.4–1.4)
 Weekly 0.9 (0.6–1.5) 0.8 (0.5–1.4) 0.7 (0.4–1.3) 0.7 (0.4–1.1) 0.9 (0.4–1.8) 0.7 (0.3–1.6)
Potato crisps (high levels)
 Never 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref)
 Less often 1.3 (1.0–1.7) 1.3 (1.0–1.7) 1.2 (0.9–1.7) 1.2 (0.8–1.7) 1.6 (1.1–2.4) 1.7 (1.1–2.6)
 2–3 times per month 0.9 (0.6–1.4) 0.8 (0.5–1.3) 1.2 (0.7–2.1) 1.3 (0.7–2.3) 0.9 (0.4–1.9) 0.9 (0.4–1.9)
 Weekly 1.4 (0.8–2.2) 1.3 (0.8–2.1) 0.9 (0.5–1.8) 0.9 (0.4–1.8) 0.8 (0.3–2.0) 0.7 (0.3–1.9)
Pan-Fried Potatoes (high levels)
 Never 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref)
 Less often 1.0 (0.7–1.6) 1.0 (0.6–1.5) 1.1 (0.6–2.0) 1.1 (0.5–2.1) 0.8 (0.4–1.6) 0.7 (0.4–1.5)
 2–3 times per month 1.0 (0.6–1.6) 0.9 (0.5–1.4) 1.2 (0.6–2.3) 1.2 (0.6–2.3) 0.9 (0.5–1.8) 0.8 (0.4–1.7)
 Weekly 1.0 (0.6–1.5) 0.8 (0.5–1.2) 1.4 (0.8–2.5) 1.3 (0.7–2.4) 0.8 (0.4–1.6) 0.7 (0.4–1.4)
Potatoes au Gratin (unknown levels)
 Never 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref)
 Less often 1.1 (0.7–1.7) 1.2 (0.8–1.8) 0.7 (0.4–1.1) 0.7 (0.4–1.1) 0.8 (0.4–1.5) 0.8 (0.4–1.5)
 2–3 times per month 1.1 (0.7–1.7) 1.2 (0.7–1.9) 0.7 (0.4–1.2) 0.7 (0.4–1.3) 0.8 (0.4–1.5) 0.8 (0.4–1.7)
 Weekly 1.3 (0.8–2.3) 1.5 (0.8–2.7) 0.5 (0.2–1.1) 0.5 (0.2–1.0) 1.0 (0.4–2.4) 1.1 (0.4–2.6)
Total potatoes fried or baked
 Less often/Never 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref)
 2–3 per month 1.0 (0.7–1.4) 0.9 (0.6–1.2) 1.2 (0.7–1.9) 1.2 (0.7–2.0) 1.1 (0.6–1.8) 1.0 (0.6–1.8)
 Weekly 0.8 (0.6–1.1) 0.7 (0.5–1.0) 1.2 (0.8–1.9) 1.1 (0.7–1.8) 0.9 (0.5–1.4) 0.7 (0.4–1.3)
 Daily 1.6 (0.9–2.7) 1.2 (0.6–2.2) 1.7 (0.8–3.4) 1.6 (0.7–3.5) 1.1 (0.4–2.7) 0.8 (0.3–2.2)
             
Bread
Crisp bread (moderate levels)
 None 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref)
 1–2 slices per day 1.0 (0.7–1.4) 1.0 (0.7–1.4) 0.9 (0.6–1.3) 0.8 (0.5–1.2) 1.0 (0.6–1.7) 0.9 (0.6–1.6)
 3 slices per day 0.9 (0.6–1.4) 0.8 (0.5–1.3) 0.7 (0.4–1.2) 0.6 (0.3–1.2) 0.7 (0.7–1.6) 0.6 (0.3–1.5)
 4+ slices per day 0.8 (0.5–1.3) 0.7 (0.4–1.1) 0.9 (0.5–1.6) 0.7 (0.4–1.4) 1.3 (0.6–2.6) 1.2 (0.6–2.5)
Rye bread (moderate levels)
 None 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref)
 1–2 slices per day 1.0 (0.8–1.3) 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 0.8 (0.5–1.0) 0.7 (0.5–1.0) 1.0 (0.7–1.5) 0.9 (0.6–1.4)
 3 slices per day 1.6 (0.9–3.0) 1.5 (0.8–2.8) 1.3 (0.6–2.7) 1.4 (0.6–3.0) 1.7 (0.7–4.3) 1.7 (0.7–4.5)
 4+ slices per day 0.9 (0.5–1.6) 0.7 (0.4–1.3) 1.0 (0.6–2.0) 0.9 (0.5–1.8) 1.3 (0.6–3.0) 1.2 (0.5–2.9)
White bread (moderate levels)
 None 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref)
 1–2 slices per day 1.3 (1.0–1.7) 1.2 (0.9–1.6) 1.2 (0.9–1.7) 1.0 (0.7–1.5) 0.9 (0.6–1.3) 0.8 (0.5–1.3)
 3 slices per day 1.5 (0.8–2.7) 1.3 (0.7–2.3) 0.9 (0.4–2.0) 0.7 (0.3–1.8) 1.8 (0.8–4.3) 1.7 (0.7–4.1)
 4+ slices per day 0.9 (0.6–1.6) 0.7 (0.4–1.3) 0.9 (0.5–1.8) 0.6 (0.3–1.3) 1.3 (0.6–2.7) 1.0 (0.5–2.3)
Cereal
Cornflakes (moderate levels)
 Never 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref)
 Less often 1.5 (1.1–2.0) 1.5 (1.1–2.0) 1.0 (0.7–1.4) 0.9 (0.6–1.3) 1.0 (0.6–1.7) 0.9 (0.6–1.6)
 2–3 times per month 1.0 (0.7–1.6) 0.9 (0.6–1.5) 1.0 (0.6–1.7) 0.9 (0.5–1.7) 1.4 (0.7–2.6) 1.3 (0.7–2.6)
 1–2 per week 1.3 (0.9–1.9) 1.3 (0.9–1.9) 0.9 (0.6–1.5) 0.8 (0.5–1.3) 1.1 (0.6–2.0) 1.0 (0.6–1.9)
 3+ per week 1.3 (0.9–1.9) 1.2 (0.8–1.9) 1.1 (0.6–1.8) 1.0 (0.6–1.8) 0.8 (0.4–1.6) 0.8 (0.4–1.6)
Muesli (moderate levels)
 Never 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref)
 Less often 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 1.0 (0.7–1.4) 0.6 (0.4–0.9) 0.7 (0.5–1.2) 0.8 (0.4–1.3) 0.8 (0.5–1.3)
 2–3 times per month 1.3 (0.7–2.6) 1.3 (0.7–2.7) 0.9 (0.3–2.4) 0.9 (0.3–2.8) 1.2 (0.4–3.5) 1.2 (0.4–3.7)
 1–2 per week 0.9 (0.6–1.4) 1.0 (0.7–1.6) 0.9 (0.6–1.5) 1.1 (0.6–1.8) 1.1 (0.6–1.9) 1.2 (0.6–2.2)
 3+ per week 1.0 (0.7–1.4) 1.1 (0.7–1.6) 0.8 (0.5–1.3) 1.0 (0.6–1.7) 1.0 (0.6–1.7) 1.1 (0.6–2.0)
             
Various fried foods
Biscuits (high levels)
 Less often/never 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref)
 2–3 per month 1.2 (0.9–1.6) 1.1 (0.8–1.5) 0.9 (0.6–1.3) 1.0 (0.6–1.5) 1.0 (0.6–1.6) 1.0 (0.6–1.6)
 Weekly 1.1 (0.8–1.6) 1.0 (0.7–1.4) 1.2 (0.7–1.8) 1.3 (0.8–2.1) 0.9 (0.5–1.6) 0.9 (0.5–1.7)
 Daily 1.1 (0.7–1.6) 0.9 (0.6–1.4) 0.9 (0.5–1.4) 0.9 (0.5–1.7) 1.5 (0.8–2.6) 1.4 (0.7–2.6)
Meatballs (moderate levels)
 Never 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref)
 Less often 0.6 (0.3–1.3) 0.5 (0.2–1.2) 1.7 (0.5–8.3) 0.7 (0.1–3.9) 0.5 (0.2–1.7) 0.4 (0.1–1.4)
 2–3 times per month 0.7 (0.3–1.5) 0.6 (0.3–1.3) 2.3 (0.5–10.9) 0.9 (0.2–4.8) 0.6 (0.2–2.0) 0.4 (0.1–1.4)
 Weekly 0.6 (0.2–1.3) 0.4 (0.2–1.1) 2.0 (0.4–10.2) 0.8 (0.1–4.8) 0.9 (0.3–3.2) 0.5 (0.2–2.0)
a

Adjusted for matching factors age and gender.

b

Also adjusted for smoking (current, former, never), BMI (categorical), alcohol intake (categorical-colorectal cancer only), fruit and vegetable intake (continuous), saturated fat density (quintiles, categorical), red meat density (quintiles, categorical), and total energy (log transformed).