TABLE 1—
Associations of Mortality Rates With County-Level Median Household Income and State-Level Income Inequality: United States, 1999–2002
Single-Level Analyses of County-Level Income | Multilevel Analyses of State-Level Income Inequality (Adjusted for County-Level Income) | |||
Mortality Rate | Rate per 100 000, Mean (SD) | Correlation (r) With County-Level Income | Standardized Parameter Estimate for State-Level Income Inequality | Significant Interaction Between Income and Income Inequality (P < .1) |
Infant | 730 (443) | 0.204*** | 0.118** | No |
All causes, working agea | 390 (113) | 0.533*** | 0.328*** | Yes |
All causes, elderlyb | 5298 (711) | 0.198*** | 0.211* | No |
Ischemic heart disease | 180 (50) | 0.263*** | 0.213** | Yes |
Respiratory disease | 90 (23) | 0.203*** | 0.161** | Yes |
Diabetes | 27 (12) | 0.231*** | 0.078 | No |
Breast cancer | 25 (9.5) | 0.006 | 0.059 | No |
Prostate cancer | 12 (6) | 0.116*** | –0.014 | No |
Alcoholic liver disease | 4 (4) | 0.167*** | 0.024 | Yes |
Homicide | 4 (5) | 0.309*** | 0.255*** | Yes |
aAged 25–64 years.
bAged 65 years or older.
* P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.