TABLE 1—

Sample Characteristics of Japanese Brazilians (n = 313): Japan, 2000–2001

	Value, Mean (SD) or %	Range
Health measures
GHQ-12 score	2.3 (2.3)	0–12
Poor/average self-rated health	32.9
No. of somatic symptoms	2.4 (2.3)	0–20
Workplace ethnic discrimination	25.1 (9.7)	10–50
Work conditions
Workload	12.0 (3.0)	4–19
Supportive relations at work	11.7 (2.4)	4–14
Physically dangerous work conditions	6.5 (2.5)	3–14
Environmental hazards	2.8 (2.2)	0–10
Did shift work	29.4
Hours worked per day	9.9 (1.9)	5–14
Sociodemographics
Age	33.9 (10.7)	16–65
Men	57.5
Currently married/cohabitating	70.6
Income, yena
< 100 000	6.1
100 000–199 999	8.8
200 000–299 999	28.7
300 000–399 999	23.0
400 000–499 999	13.5
500 000–599 999	8.1
≥ 600 000	11.9
Education
Less than high school	24.9
High school graduate	40.6
Some college or more	34.5
Lineage
Both parents of Japanese heritage	68.7
One parent Japanese, one parent other	31.3
Length of residence in Japan, y
< 3	16.4
3–5	27.7
6–9	33.7
10–16	22.2
Japanese language proficiency
Good/excellent	36.8
Speak a little	44.9
Unable to speak	18.3

Note. GHQ-12 = 12-item General Health Questionnaire (Portuguese version).The theoretically possible range of scores was identical to the observed range, with the following exceptions: supportive relations at work: 3–15; physically dangerous work conditions: 3–15; workload: 4–20; environmental hazards: 0–11.

^aOn January 1, 2001, one US dollar was worth 116.67 yen.