TABLE 3.
Bivariate Analysis of Antepartum Risk Factors for Birth Asphyxia (BA) Mortality
| Antepartum Risk Factor | BA Cases | Total n | RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal Age, years | |||
| < 20 | 79 | 5,989 | 1 (ref) |
| 20-24 | 85 | 9,396 | 0.69 (0.51 to 0.93) * |
| 25-29 | 37 | 5,159 | 0.54 (0.36 to 0.81)** |
| 30-34 | 21 | 2,156 | 0.74 (0.45 to 1.21) |
| > 35 | 8 | 950 | 0.64 (0.31 to 1.32) |
| Maternal Literacy | |||
| Illiterate | 194 | 17,569 | 1 (ref) |
| Literate | 36 | 6,081 | 0.54 (0.37 to 0.77) ** |
| Maternal Education | |||
| No education | 195 | 17,988 | 1 (ref) |
| Any education | 23 | 3,786 | 0.57 (0.4 to 0.83) ** |
| Maternal Occupation | |||
| Home | 201 | 19,940 | 1 (ref) |
| Farmer | 10 | 2,120 | 0.47 (0.25 to 0.88) * |
| Laborer | 16 | 1,278 | 1.24 (0.69 to 2.23) |
| Business | 2 | 182 | 1.09 (0.27 to 4.36) |
| Private | 1 | 76 | 1.31 (0.19 to 9.19) |
| Paternal Literacy | |||
| Illiterate | 137 | 10,308 | 1 (ref) |
| Literate | 93 | 13,329 | 0.52 (0.40 to 0.69) ** |
| Paternal Education, years | |||
| None | 143 | 10,939 | 1 (ref) |
| 1-10 | 62 | 8,086 | 0.59 (0.43 to 0.79) ** |
| > 10 | 25 | 4,382 | 0.44 (0.29 to 0.68) ** |
| Paternal Occupation | |||
| Farmer | 96 | 10,359 | 1 (ref) |
| Laborer | 99 | 7,882 | 1.36 (1.02 to 1.8) * |
| Business | 26 | 2,908 | 0.96 (0.61 to 1.52) |
| Private | 8 | 1,713 | 0.50 (0.25 to 1.03) |
| Caste | |||
| Higher caste (Brahmin, Chetri) | 24 | 3,074 | 1 (ref) |
| Lower caste (Vaishya, Shudra, Muslim) | 196 | 20,185 | 1.24 (0.81 to 1.90) |
| Ethnic Group | |||
| Pahadi | 30 | 6,627 | 1 (ref) |
| Madeshi | 189 | 16,646 | 2.51 (1.71 to 3.68) ** |
| Parity | |||
| ≥ 1 prior liveborn | 145 | 17,704 | 1 (ref) |
| 0 prior liveborn | 85 | 5,955 | 1.74 (1.33 to 2.28) ** |
| History of Child Death | |||
| No prior child death | 183 | 18,786 | 1 (ref) |
| ≥1 child death | 47 | 4,873 | 0.99 (0.70 to 1.40) |
| Electricity | |||
| No Electricity | 168 | 17,611 | 1 (ref) |
| Electricity | 50 | 5,662 | 0.95 (0.68 to 1.28) |
*
0.01< p ≤ 0.05
**
p ≤ 0.01