Table 1.

Proteins of carbohydrate metabolism that were detected and proposed to be wheat amyloplast constituents¹

Carbohydrate metabolism	Plastid Criteria1
Glucose metabolism
1 Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase EC 5.3.1.9	1, 2(ch), 3(ch), 4
2 Hexokinase EC 2.7.1.1	2 (ch/cy), 3 (ch/mi), 4
Glycolysis
3 Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase EC 4.1.2.13	1, 2(ch/cy), 3(ch), 4
4 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase EC 1.2.1.12	2(ch/cy), 3(ch), 4
5 Phosphoenolpyruvate mutase-like EC 5.4.2.9	2(ch), 3(ch)
6 Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.95	1, 2(ch), 3(ch), 4
7 Phosphoglycerate kinase EC 2.7.2.3	1, 2(ch/cy), 3(ch), 4
8 Phosphopyruvate hydratase EC 4.2.1.11	2(ch/cy/mi), 3(mi/ch), 4
9 Pyruvate kinase, putative EC 2.7.1.40	2(ch/cy), 3(ch), 4
10 Triosephosphate isomerase EC 5.3.1.1	2(ch/cy/pl), 3(ch), 4
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
11 Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase EC 2.3.1.12	2(ch/pl), 3(ch), 4
12 Lipoamide dehydrogenase EC 1.8.1.4	2(ch/mi/pl), 3(ch), 4
13 Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit EC 1.2.4.1	2(ch/mi/pl), 3(ch), 4
14 Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 beta subunit EC 1.2.4.1	2(ch/mi/pl), 3(ot), 4
Citrate and malate
15 Aconitate hydratase, putative EC 4.2.1.3	2(ch, cy, mi), 3(ch)
16 Malic enzyme (NADP-dependent) EC 1.1.1.39	2(ch, cy, mi), 3(ch), 4
Starch metabolism
17 4-alpha-glucanotransferase EC 2.4.1.25	1, 2(am, ch, cy, pl), 3(ot), 4
18 Alpha 1,4-glucan phosphorylase EC 2.4.1.1	1, 2(am, ch, cy), 4
19 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit (ADP-G) EC 2.7.7.27	1, 2(am, ch, cy), 3(ch), 4
20 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit EC 2.7.7.27	"
21 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase, small subunit EC 2.7.7.27	"
22 NDP-glucose-starch glucosyltransferase (granule bound starch synthase) EC 2.4.1.242	1, 2(am), 3(ch), 4
23 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme (starch branching enzyme 2) EC 2.4.1.18	1, 2(am, pl), 4
24 Starch synthase II EC 2.4.1.21	1, 2(am), 3(ch), 4
Pentose phosphate cycle
25 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.49	2(ch, cy), 3(ch), 4
26 Phosphoribulokinase EC 2.7.1.19	2(ch), 3(ch), 4
27 Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase EC 5.3.1.6	2(ch), 3(ch), 4
28 Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, large subunit EC 4.1.1.39	1, 2(ch), 3(ot),4
29 Transaldolase, putative EC 2.2.1.2	2(mi, pl), 3(ch), 4
30 Transketolase EC 2.2.1.1	2(ch, cy), 3(ch), 4
1-Carbon metabolism
31 Formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase EC 6.3.4.3	2(ch, cy, mi, pl), 3(ch), 4
32 Glycine hydroxymethyltransferase EC 2.1.2.1	2(ch, cy, mi, pl), 3(ch), 4

¹Criteria: 1) Known amyloplast or chloroplast protein in wheat; 2) annotated as amyloplast, plastid or chloroplast protein for other plant species in the BRENDA [100] or NCBI [34] databases, or identified as such in a reference in this paper; 3) Target P [41] predicts a plastid transit peptide for the protein product of the wheat gene or homolog; 4) other members of the same pathway or protein complex are known plastid proteins. The following abbreviations are used: am, amyloplast; ch, chloroplast; cy, cytoplasm; en, endomembrane; gl, glyoxysome; mi, mitochondria; nu, nucleus; ot, other; pe, peroxisome; pl, plastid;