Table 3.
Background characteristics that are associated with frequent parenting concerns, after mutual adjustment: odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) (n = 4,107)
| Prevalence rate | OR | 95%-CI | P-value | ||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| - Dutch | 7.6% | 1.00 | 0.007 | ||
| - former colony | 13.0% | 1.50 | 0.90 | 2.50 | |
| - labour immigrant | 15.3% | 1.98 | 1.39 | 2.80 | |
| - other non-industrialized | 9.6% | 1.24 | 0.76 | 2.03 | |
| - other industrialized | 11.0% | 1.39 | 0.71 | 2.74 | |
| Paternal educational level | |||||
| - low | 8.9% | 1.28 | 0.94 | 1.76 | 0.007 |
| - medium | 9.1% | 1.43 | 1.06 | 1.94 | |
| - high | 6.4% | 1.00 | ref | ||
| - unknown | 16.9% | 2.15 | 1.35 | 3.42 | |
| Family income | |||||
| - below poverty | 15.9% | 1.49 | 1.05 | 2.11 | 0.017 |
| - above poverty | 8.1% | 1.00 | ref | ||
| - unknown | 6.7% | 0.78 | 0.54 | 1.12 | |
| Age of the child | |||||
| - 14 months | 11.4% | 1.99 | 1.44 | 2.75 | < 0.0001 |
| - 3 years 9 months | 8.1% | 1.34 | 0.94 | 1.91 | |
| - 5–6 years | 8.6% | 1.23 | 0.92 | 1.64 | |
| - 7–12 years | 7.5% | 1.00 | ref | ||
| Total | 8.7% | ||||