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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 May 13.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 May 23;90(2-3):243–251. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.04.004

Table 1.

Prevalence and trends in non-medical use of anabolic steroids among U.S. college students (weighted estimates)

1993 (n = 15282)
% (S.E.)		 1997 (n = 14428)
% (S.E.)		 1999 (n = 13953)
% (S.E.)		 2001 (n = 10904)
% (S.E.)
Lifetime anabolic steroid use
 Overall 0.86 (0.10) 0.95 (0.09) 0.97 (0.13) 1.05 (0.13)
 Female 0.25 (0.06) 0.21 (0.05) 0.25 (0.05) 0.25 (0.07)
 Male 1.52 (0.18) 1.75 (0.20) 1.80 (0.26) 1.99 (0.28)
12-month anabolic steroid use
 Overall 0.21 (0.04) 0.33 (0.05) 0.37 (0.07) 0.46 (0.08)a
 Female 0.08 (0.03) 0.05 (0.03) 0.09 (0.03) 0.09 (0.04)
 Male 0.36 (0.08) 0.65 (0.10) 0.68 (0.14) 0.90 (0.18)a
30-day anabolic steroid use
 Overall 0.10 (0.03) 0.16 (0.03) 0.16 (0.04) 0.16 (0.05)
 Female 0.04 (0.02) 0.01 (0.01) 0.04 (0.02) 0.05 (0.03)
 Male 0.16 (0.06) 0.31 (0.07) 0.29 (0.07) 0.30 (0.10)
a

12-month anabolic steroid use rates between 1993 and 2001 are significantly different from each other, after applying a Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0083). No other significant pair-wise comparisons were observed.