Table 3.
Positive Screening Results for Drug Abuse Based on Lifetime Use of 4 Classes of Prescription Drugs
| Positive Screening Results for Past-Year Drug Abuse in Overall Sample
|
Positive Screening Results for Past-Year Drug Abuse in Drug Users
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lifetime Prescription Drug Use | Respondents, No. (%) | Adjusted Odds Ratioa (95% Confidence Interval) | Respondents, No. (%) | Adjusted Odds Ratioa (95% Confidence Interval) |
| Prescription drug classb | ||||
| Nonuse | 46 (3.2) | 1 [Reference] | 46 (12.7) | 1 [Reference] |
| Medical use only | 77 (5.5) | 1.3 (0.8–1.9) | 77 (17.3) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) |
| Medical and nonmedical use | 164 (29.2) | 5.0 (3.4–7.3)c | 164 (36.7) | 3.7 (2.5–5.6)c |
| Nonmedical use only | 55 (35.3) | 6.5 (4.0–10.6)c | 55 (44.4) | 4.7 (2.9–7.8)c |
| Pain medication | ||||
| Nonuse | 83 (5.1) | 1 [Reference] | 83 (17.4) | 1 [Reference] |
| Medical use only | 92 (6.5) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 92 (18.0) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) |
| Medical and nonmedical use | 123 (30.3) | 3.8 (2.6–5.4)c | 123 (39.8) | 2.9 (2.0–4.2)c |
| Nonmedical use only | 43 (41.3) | 5.4 (3.2–9.1)c | 43 (53.1) | 5.1 (2.9–8.8)c |
| Sedative or anxiety medication | ||||
| Nonuse | 238 (7.5) | 1 [Reference] | 238 (20.7) | 1 [Reference] |
| Medical use only | 20 (10.6) | 1.0 (0.5–1.7) | 20 (24.7) | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) |
| Medical and nonmedical use | 16 (35.6) | 3.3 (1.6–6.9)d | 16 (39.0) | 2.4 (1.2–5.0)e |
| Nonmedical use only | 66 (60.0) | 7.0 (4.4–11.2)c | 66 (66.7) | 5.6 (3.5–9.1)c |
| Sleeping medication | ||||
| Nonuse | 245 (7.7) | 1 [Reference] | 245 (21.6) | 1 [Reference] |
| Medical use only | 35 (17.3) | 1.7 (1.1–2.8)e | 35 (34.3) | 1.7 (1.0–2.8)e |
| Medical and nonmedical use | 21 (42.0) | 3.7 (1.9–7.2)c | 21 (44.7) | 2.8 (1.4–5.4)d |
| Nonmedical use only | 41 (38.0) | 3.9 (2.4–6.4)c | 41 (44.6) | 2.9 (1.8–4.7)c |
| Stimulant medication | ||||
| Nonuse | 183 (5.8) | 1 [Reference] | 183 (17.6) | 1 [Reference] |
| Medical use only | 15 (14.0) | 1.4 (0.7–2.7) | 15 (27.3) | 1.4 (0.7–2.7) |
| Medical and nonmedical use | 35 (47.9) | 6.1 (3.5–10.8)c | 35 (51.5) | 4.6 (2.6–8.0)c |
| Nonmedical use only | 109 (47.8) | 5.3 (3.8–7.4)c | 109 (50.9) | 4.0 (2.9–5.7)c |
a
Odds ratios are adjusted for sex, race, class year, family income, living arrangement, fraternity or sorority membership, and age at onset for use of alcohol, cigarette smoking, and marijuana (odds ratios for these variables were not shown).
b
The 4 classes of prescription drugs include pain, sleeping, sedative or anxiety, and stimulant medications.
c
P < .001 based on logistic regression results.
d
P < .01.
e
P < .05.