Fig. 1.

The effect of lidocaine on phorbol myristate acetate + phytohaemagglutitin (PMA + PHA)-stimulated interleukin (IL)-2 secretion from the Jurkat cell line. Jurkat cells were stimulated by PMA + PHA, and then cultured in the absence or presence of graded concentrations of lidocaine. The IL-2 level in the supernatant was determined at 24 h by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The values represent the mean and standard deviation obtained in three different experiments, each performed in duplicate. *P < 0·05. NC: negative control (non-stimulated cells).