Fig. 4.

Lidocaine reduces nuclear factor (NF-κB) nuclear localization in a dose-dependent manner. Jurkat cells were stimulated and incubated as above in the presence or absence of lidocaine at the designated concentration. The nuclear fraction was collected and NF-κB levels in the nuclear fraction were measured using the Active Motif NF-κB family kit (see the Methods section for details). The values represent the mean and standard deviation obtained in three different experiments, each performed in duplicate. *P < 0·05. NC: negative control (non-stimulated cells).