Table 1.

Mean (± s.e.m.) time required for 10, 50 and 90 % mortality (LT₁₀, LT₅₀ and LT₉₀, respectively) at −2 °C for four larval stages (instars I, II and III and wandering 3^rd instars, w) of four wild-type strains of D. melanogaster. Values were derived from a generalized linear model of survival. Comparisons of models between stages within a strain and between strains within a stage were via a post hoc analysis (general linear hypothesis testing — glht in R; see methods for further details). Asterisks indicate significant differences between stages within strains and between strains within stages:

Strain / Stage		LT₁₀ (minutes)	LT₅₀ (minutes)	LT₉₀ (minutes)	Nonlinear comparison between stages	Nonlinear comparison between strains
Oregon R	I	209.4±95.20	425.7±84.20	636.0±196.30	II^** III^* W^*	be^ wn^*
	II	178.3±31.50	242.5±68.91	402.4±172.30	I^** III^* W^**	be^ wn^
	III	162.1±56.12	344.8±72.52	522.3±124.80	I^* II^*	be^ wn^
	W	240.2±85.20	418.6±72.00	588.1±95.40	I^* II^**	be^ wn^
Berlin K	I	214.8±99.33	497.9±121.20	781.1±184.21	II^* W^	or^** ca^* wn^**
	II	219.3±107.20	456.5±100.60	711.1±139.50	I^* W^	or^** wn^*
	III	161.2±74.50	437.1±102.50	701.8±162.01		or^ ca^ wn^***
	W	241.6±112.70	382.7±103.57	711.6±195.00	I^ II^	or^ ca^ wn^*
Canton S	I	111.1±48.90	334.4±82.10	557.4±134.60	II^* III^	be^* wn^**
	II	132.3±34.00	349.8±80.89	566.8±101.00	I^* II^* III^***	wn^**
	III	129.5±62.70	337.8±107.47	663.0±203.55	I^ II^*	be^** wn^*
	W	105.1±47.20	343.6±9.90	581.1±197.20		be^** wn^*
W5N	I	187.6±84.32	411.5±9.40	635.1±171.64	II^**	or^* be^ ca^*
	II	214.5±102.80	340.8±59.10	467.2±102.50	I^ W^	or^** be^* ca^**
	III	250.0±116.20	435.5±76.33	620.1±162.40		or^ be^* ca^*
	W	228.3±109.50	492.5±112.24	756.1±154.30	II^**	or^** be^* ca^*

p < 0.05

^**

p < 0.01

^***

p < 0.001.