Table 2.

Mean (± s.e.m.) time required for 10, 50 and 90 % mortality (LT₁₀, LT₅₀ and LT₉₀, respectively) at −7 °C for four larval stages (instars I, II and II and wandering 3^rd instars, W) of four wild-type strains of D. melanogaster. Values were derived from a generalized linear model of survival. Comparisons of models between stages within a strain and between strains within a stage were via a post hoc analysis (general linear hypothesis testing — glht in R; see methods for further details). Asterisks indicate significant differences between stages within strains and between strains within stages:

Strain/Stage		LT₁₀ (minutes)	LT₅₀ (minutes)	LT₉₀ (minutes)	Nonlinear comparison between stages	Nonlinear comparison between strains
Oregon R	I	11.12±6.23	42.22±10.3	63.66±21.45	II^* III^	be^* wn^*
	II	25.1±7.85	49.27±7.85	73.3±21.30	I^***	be^* wn^
	III	<10	39.04±12.45	74.6±33.00	I^**	be^ wn^*
	W	<10	52.53±11.97	96.1±35.52		be^* wn^
Berlin K	I	27.52±8.93	57.13±15.82	124.7±31.98		or^*** ca^* wn^***
	II	29.6±11.01	76.12±15.37	122.62±42.0		or^*** ca^* wn^**
	III	27.7±4.88	77.28±16.04	126.8±49.31		or^ ca^* wn^***
	W	46.23±7.98	90.54±15.38	135.56±56.2		or^* ca^ wn^**
Canton S	I	<10	28.29±13.23	103.8±38.77	II^* III^ W ^**	be^* wn^***
	II	13.1±6.2	48.5±21.88	68.27±24.5	I^**	be^* wn^**
	III	<10	26.56±7.41	53.6±12.43	I^ W ^	be^* wn^
	W	22.32±7.811	51.5±24.24	83.83±20.4	I^ III^	be^ wn^
W5N	I	45.82±12.33	66.58±17.06	100.22±38.6		or^* be^* ca^***
	II	47.43±10.96	71.5±31.62	96.27±32.01	III^ W^	or^ be^ ca^**
	III	45.11±18.2	65.36±17.83	81.68±19.4	II^**	or^* be^* ca^**
	W	28.8±9.02	52.81±35.72	99.33±41.54	II^**	or^ be^ ca^**

p < 0.05

^**

p < 0.01

^***

p < 0.001.