Table 2.

Biological features of intracranial xenograft and syngeneic rodent GBM models and spontaneous GBM in dogs

Tumor biology	Dog	Rat	Mouse	Human in mouse
Tumor stablishment	Spontaneous	Syngenic	Syngeneic	Xenograft
Survival rates when non treated	1–2 months after diagnosis	~15 days after implantation	~30 days after implantation	~3–4 weeks after implantation
Allows study of anti-tumoral immune responses	+	+	+	−
Allows study of human-targeted therapies	−	−	−	+
Allows In vivo imaging	+	+	+	+
Reproducible tumor growth rates	−	+	+	+/−
Similar time to death of animals	−	+	+	+
Availability	+/−	+	+	+
Cost	High	Low	Low	Low
Allows to evaluate large number of animals	+/−	+	+	+