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. 2008 May 28;3(5):e2279. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002279

Figure 5. Jasmonate and ethylene signalling pathways are necessary for defence response to Salmonella.

Figure 5

a–d, Disease symptoms in JA and ET insensitive mutants ein2 (a,b) and coi1–16 (c,d) plants dipped for 5 min in S. typhimurium 14028s solution; (a, c) before dipping, (b, d) 14 days after dipping.e, coi1–16 and ein2 are susceptible to Salmonella invasion. 14 days old A. thaliana wild type Col-0, coi1–16 and ein2 mutants or NahG transgenic seedlings were inoculated with S. typhimurium 14028s for 48 h, and cfu of internal bacteria in the seedling homogenates were determined. f, Activities of native MPK6. MPK6 activity was poorly induced in coi1–16 plants after Salmonella treatment. Kinase activity assays were performed as described above. g–h, Quantitative analysis of JA-regulated PDF1.2 (g) and SA-dependent PR1 (h) expression upon Salmonella infection. Induction of PDF1.2 expression was abolished in coi1–16 and delayed in ein2. Expression of PR1 was not induced in coi1–16 or NahG plants. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis was performed on 5 µg reverse transcribed total mRNA. clathrin, ubiquitin4 and actin2 were used for normalization.