Table 2.
Global outcomes
| Studies | Main results (outcome measures) |
| FIRST EPISODE | |
| Crespo-Facorro et al. [24] | No global outcomes |
| McEvoy et al. [25] | O = Q = R (time to discontinuation for any cause, for inadequate therapeutic effect, for unacceptable side effects, for patients decision) |
| Robinson et al. [26] | O = R (rate of discontinued intervention) |
| ACUTE PHASE | |
| Chrzanowski et al. [27] | No global outcomes |
| Kraus et al. [28] | O = R (Duration of hospitalisation) |
| McCue et al. [29] |
H = O = R > A = Q = Z (no longer needing acute in-patient care)(p < 0.0001) A = H = O = Q = R = Z (time until treatment classified as effective, i.e. no longer needing acute in-patient care, medication ineffective as judged by discontinuation because of no significant improvement after at least 3 weeks of treatment, side-effects or significant deterioration of patient's mental state.) |
| CHRONIC PHASE | |
| Jerrel [30] |
O (p = 0.02) & R (p = 0.005) > FGA (total mental health treatment costs)1 O > R & FGA (odds of compliance) (p < 0.001) O = R = FGA (psychosocial functioning (RFS), time to discharge and rehospitalisation, client satisfaction (CSQ)). |
| Lieberman et al. [31] |
O > Q (p < 0.001) & R (p = 0.002) (Time to discontinuation for any cause) O > P (p < 0,001) = Q (p < 0.001) = R (p < 0.001) (Time to discontinuation for lack of efficacy) O = Q = P = R = Z (Time to discontinuation for intolerable side effects) O > Q (p < 0.001) = R (p = 0.008) (time to discontinuation due to patient's decision) Q > Z > P > R > O (p < 0.001) (hospitalisation for exacerbation of schizophrenia) |
| Mullen et al. [32] | No global outcomes |
| Ritchie et al. [33] | O = R (quality of life, except O > R for psychological well-being (p = 0.02) |
| Ritchie et al. [34] |
O > R (physical health (p = 0.03), social relationships (p = 0.015); overall quality of life (p = 0.04), health satisfaction (p = 0.03)) O = R (psychological well-being, environmental domain) |
| Rosenheck et al. [35] |
O = Q = R = Z > P (total health care costs) (p < 0.001) O & Q & R & Z > P (total medication costs) (p < 0.0001) O > Q & R & Z (drug costs) (p = ?) P > R (Quality Adjusted Life Years ratings) (p < 0.005) O = P = Q = R = Z (quality of life measures) |
| Stroup et al. [36] |
O = R > Q (p < 0.05) = Z (p < 0.01) (time to discontinuation for any cause) O = Q = R = Z (time to discontinuation for lack of efficacy/for intolerable side effects) O > Q = Z (time to discontinuation for patients who previously discontinued SGA due to inefficacy) (p < 0.01) R > Q (time to discontinuation for patients who previously discontinued SGA due to inefficacy) (p < 0.05) Q > Z > R > O (p = 0.02) (hospitalisation for exacerbation of schizophrenia) |
| Stroup et al. [37] |
O (p = 0.02) = Q (p = 0.04) > R (Time to discontinuation for all causes) O = Q = R (cause of discontinuation) |
| Swartz et al. [38] | O = P = Q = R = Z (change in the Quality of life total and subscores at 6, 12 and 18 months) |
| Tunis et al. [39] |
O = R = FGAs (total costs) O > R & FGA (antipsychotic costs) (p < 0.001) R (p < 0.001) > FGA (p < 0.001) > O(rate of switching from assigned antipsychotic agent) O > R (p = 0.002) & FGA (p = 0.043) (mean social responder days2) |
Abbreviations: A = Aripiprazole, FGAs = First generation antipsychotics, H = Haloperidol, O = Olanzapine, P = Perphenazine, Q = Quetiapine, R = Risperidone, Z = Ziprasidone CSQ-8 = the Client Satisfaction Questionaire-8; RFS = the Role Functioning Scale
1 Total mental health treatment costs: Inpatient, outpatient and psychiatric medication costs.
2 Social response is defined as maintaining a high level of satisfaction with social relationships (for patients reporting a baseline score of at least 18), or by improving at least 33% of possible improvement.
? = The authors state that the difference is significant, but do not reveal the p-value for this comparison.