Table 3.
Symptoms of disease
| Studies | Main results (rating scales/outcome measures) |
| FIRST EPISODE | |
| Crespo-Facorro et al. [24] | O = R = H (CGI-S, BPRS, SAPS, SANS, HAM-D, CDS, YMRS, response1 rate, mean time to response) |
| McEvoy et al. [25] |
O = Q = R (PANSS total change) O > Q (PANSS positive subscale reduction) (p = 0.013) O = Q = R (response rate2) |
| Robinson et al. [26] |
O = R (cumulative response3rates, mean time to response) O = R (delusions, hallusinations, thought disorders (SADS-C+PD positive symptoms items); affective flattening, alogia, avolition-apathy, asociality-anhedonia (SANS)) R > O (mean length of time that subjects maintained the of responder status) (CI= 8.6-10.4 vs. 5.6-7.7) |
| ACUTE PHASE | |
| Chrzanowski et al. [27] | A = O (PANSS, CGI-I) |
| Kraus et al. [28] | No outcomes |
| McCue et al. [29] | A = H = O = Q = R = Z (BPRS change) |
| CHRONIC PHASE | |
| Jerrel [30] | O = R = FGA (PANSS, BPRS, DIS-III-R Depression and Mania symptoms) |
| Lieberman et al. [31] |
O = P = Q = R = Z (PANSS, CGI) O > Q (p < 0.001) & R (p = 0.002) & P (p = 0.013) (duration of successful treatment4) R > Q (duration of successful treatment) (p = 002) |
| Mullen et al. [32] |
Q = R (PANSS) Q > R (HAM-D) (p = 0.028) Q = R (CGI-I) |
| Ritchie et al. [33] | O = R (BPRS, SANS, MADRS, MMSE) |
| Ritchie et al. [34] | O = R (BPRS, SANS, MADRS, MMSE) |
| Rosenheck et al. [35] | O = P = Q = R = Z (PANSS) |
| Stroup et al. [36] |
O > Q (p = 0.005) & Z (p = 0.005) (PANSS) O > Q (p < 0.001) & Z (p < 0.001) & R (p < 0.02) (PANSS positive symptoms) R > Z (p < 0.03) (PANSS positive symptoms) O = Q = R = Z (CGI) |
| Stroup et al. [37] |
O = Q = R (PANSS) O = Q = R (CGI at endpoint) |
| Swartz et al. [38] | No outcomes |
| Tunis et al. [39] | O > FGA (mean clinical responder days5) (p = 0.025) |
Abbreviations: A = Aripiprazole, FGAs = First generation antipsychotics, O = Olanzapine, P = Perphenazine, Q = Quetiapine, R = Risperidone, Z = Ziprasidone, CGI-I = Clinical Global Improvement Scale, CGI = CGI-S = Clinical Global Impressions- Severety of Illness Scale, PANSS = the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale, BPRS = the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, SAPS = the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, SANS = the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, DIS-III-R = Diagnostic Interview Schedule III-R Depression and Mania Modules, HAM-D = the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, MADRS = the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, MMSE = Mini-mental state examination.
1 Response = 40% or greater BPRS total improvement from baseline.
2Response = ≤ 3 for all PANSS items and = 3 for the CGI-S.
3 Response = mild or better on SADS-C+PD positive symptoms items plus CGI much or very much improved.
4 Successful treatment time is defined as number of months of treatment in which patients had a CGI Scale score of at least 3 or a score of 4 with an improvement of at least two points from baseline.
5 Clinical response is defined as a BPRS score less than 18.
Subanalyses on efficacy measures are omitted
[24], [25] and [27] provide analyses on both last observation carried forward (LOCF) and observed cases. The main findings are the same, but only p-values for LOCF data are displayed in the table.