(A) The changes of mucosal IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-10 according group. The mean levels of IL-2 were significantly lowered in Group III than Group I and II and the mean levels of TNF-α was significantly decreased only in Group III. However, there was no significant difference in IL-10 levels between groups. This result suggested that lesser degrees of gastric inflammation were provoked in rats treated with gastroprotectants. (B, C) Expressions of COX-2, nitrotyrosine, HSP 27, and growth factors according to group Western blot for COX-2, nitrotyrosine, and HSP27 according to group and status of gastric ulcer. Significantly attenuated expressions of either COX-2 or nitrotyrosine were noted in rats showing resistance to ulcer recurrence irrespective of treatment group, suggesting COX-2 and nitrotyrosine might contribute to ulcer recurrence. The expressions of HSP 27 were increased in Group III, rats treated with DA-9601, suggesting the lowered recurrence of gastric ulcer after IL-1β injection might be related to the cytoprotective effects of molecular chaperone, HSP 27. (C) RT-PCR for EGF, PDGF, and VEGF according group and status of gastric ulcer. No significant difference in the expressions of EGF, PDGF, and VEGF among either treatment groups or status of gastric ulcer.