Periadolescent male (A) and female (C) and adult male (B) and female (D) rats were treated with one of four injection regimens: five days of saline (S-S-S-S-S), one day of morphine (10 mg/kg/day) followed by four days of saline (M-S-S-S-S), three days of 10 mg/kg morphine (M-M-M-S-S), or five days of 10 mg/kg morphine (M-M-M-M-M). Five weeks later, horizontal activity was assessed (2 h) immediately following the administration of saline or increasing doses of morphine. Each data point represents the mean ± S.E.M. (n=6–8). *Indicates a significant difference from S-S-S-S-S treated cohorts; mixed three-factor ANOVA, Newman-Keuls post hoc, P<0.05.