Table 1.
Adult studies of bone density in type 1 DM (1995−2004)
| Study | Ref. No. | n (F/M) | Age, yr, (range or means ± SD) | Comparison | DM Duration, yr (means ± SD) | Method | Findings | CGC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingberg et al. | 52 | 38 (20/18) | 33−55 | Age-matched controls | 33 | DEXA | No change in BMD | |
| Liu et al. | 69 | 33 (33/0) | 20−37 | Age-matched controls | 14.5±5.7 | DEXA (Hologic QDR 4500A) | ↓ LS BMD, ↓ FN BMD; no change in APS BMD, W BMD, WB BMD | No |
| Lopez-Ibarra et al. | 71 | 32 (10/22) | 20−39 | Z-score | At diagnosis | DEXA (Hologic QDR 1000) | ↓ LS BMD, ↓ FN BMD, ∼40% with osteopenia | No |
| Campos Pastor et al. | 9 | 57 (30/27) | 35.1±10.5 | Z-score | 16.9±8.1 | DEXA (Hologic QDR 1000) | 69% with ↓ LS, FN, or WT BMD at baseline. After 7 yr of intensive insulin treatment, 66% with ↓ BMD at 1 site | No |
| Kemink et al. | 60 | 35 (14/21) | 37.6±9.9 | Age-matched controls | 8.5±3.5 | DEXA | ↓ FN BMD, ↓ LS BMD, osteopenia in 67% of men, 57% of women | No |
| Rozadilla et al. | 99 | 88 (43/45) | 28.9±8.8 | Z-score | 11.2±6.4 | DEXA (Hologic QDR 1000) | Small ↓ in LS BMD, no change in FN BMD | No |
| Tuominen et al. | 127 | 56 (27/29) | 52−72 | Age-matched controls | ∼18 yr (all developed DM after age 30) | DEXA (Norland XR-26 Mark II) | ↓ FN/trochanter BMD | NS |
| Christensen et al. | 12 | 53 (53/0) | 31 pre-MP 22 post-MP | T-score | 15.3±1.7 (pre-MP) 27.8±3.6 (post-MP) | DEXA (Hologic QDR 2000), SPA | ↓ BMD in post-MP women with type 1 DM; no difference in pre-MP | No |
| Hampson et al. | 39 | 31 (31/0) | 42.4±8.9 | Age-matched controls | 20.2±10.5 | DEXA (Hologic QDR 1000) | ↓ FN BMD vs, controls (P = 0.08) | No |
| Lunt et al. | 73 | 99 (99/0) | 42 (median) | Z-score | 27 (median) | DEXA | No difference from normal | |
| Miazgowski et al. | 81 | 54 (23/31) | 36.9±8 (F) 40.5±8 (M) | Age-matched controls | ∼16±8 | DEXA (Lunar DPX-L) | LS BMD, ↓ WB BMD; ↑ incidence of osteopenia/osteoporosis | No |
| Kayath et al. | 58 | 23 (NS) | 21−53 | Z-score | 2−20 | DEXA | ↓ LS BMD, 11 of 23 points with osteopenia | No |
| Muñoz-Torres et al. | 82 | 94 (49/45) | 20−56 | Z-score | 12±8 | DEXA (Hologic QDR 1000) | ↓ LS BMD, ↓ FN BMD, ↓ WT BMD; osteoporosis in ∼19% | No |
| Krakauer et al. | 63 | 46 (NS) | 51.7±11.3 to 55.9±11.5 | Z-score for BMD Reference data for bone biopsy | 14.4±10.2 to 15.8±11.7 | SPA, DEXA (Hologic QDR 1000), Transiliac bone Bx. | ↓ Radial BMD, normal rate of further bone loss over time | No |
| Forst et al. | 30 | 41 (21/20) | 36±15 | Age-matched controls | 19±7 | DPA | ↓ FN BMD, ↓ distal lower limb BMD, no change in LS BMD | No |
DM, diabetes mellitus; FN, femoral neck; LS, lateral spine; APS, anterior-posterior spine; W, wrist, WT, Ward's triangle; WB, whole body; BMD, bone mineral density; pre/post-MP, pre/post-menopausal; CGC, correlation with glycemic control; NS, not specified; DEXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; SPA, single-photon absorptiometry; DPA, dual-photon absorptiometry.