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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Apr 30.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurosci Methods. 2007 Oct 24;169(2):282–289. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.10.009

Figure 3. Effects of time step on dynamic clamp accuracy.

Figure 3

In separate simulations Na+ (A) and K+ (B) channels were virtualized at a given time step using the 4th-order Runge-Kutta solver. Generally, large time steps lead to massive distortions when Na+ channels are virtualized (A); virtualization of K+ channels leads to more subtle distortions, mainly by increasing the spike afterhyperpolarization. C: Summary data showing error (V2) vs. time step for the two cases.