Table 3.
Summary of interventions in NAFLD
| Treatment | Ref | N | Study Design | ALT/AST | Histology | US/MRI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steatosis | Inflammation/fibrosis | ||||||
| Steatosis/Insulin Resistance | |||||||
| Weight loss | Huang et al 2005 | 23 | CS | U | U | U | ND |
| Weight loss | Suzuki et al 2005 | 348 | CS | I | ND | ND | ND |
| Weight loss | Petersen et al 2005 | 8 | C | ND | I | ND | I |
| Bariatric surgery | Barker et al 2006 | 19 | CS | ND | I | I | ND |
| Bariatric surgery | Mattar et al 2005 | 70 | CS | ND | I | I | ND |
| Bariatric surgery | Dixon et al 2004 | 36 | CS | ND | I | I | ND |
| Bariatric surgery | Clark et al 2005 | 16 | CS | ND | I | I | ND |
| Bariatric surgery | Klein et al 2006 | 7 | CS | U | I | U | U |
| Bariatric surgery | Mathurin et al 2006 | 185 | CS | I | I | I | ND |
| Orlistat | Harrison et al 2004 | 10 | CS | I | U | U | ND |
| Orlistat | Zelber-Sagi et al 2006 | 52 | R, DB, PC | ND | ND | ND | I |
| Orlistat | Sabuncu et al 2003 | 12 | CS | I | ND | ND | I |
| Sibutramine | Sabuncu et al 2003 | 13 | CS | I | ND | ND | I |
| Pioglitazone | Promrat et al 2004 | 18 | CS | I | I | I | I |
| Pioglitazone | Sanyal et al 2004 | 10 | R, C | U | U | I | ND |
| Pioglitazone | Belfort et al 2006 | 55 | R, B, PC | I | I | I | I |
| Rosiglitazone | Neuschwander-Tetri et al 2003 | 30 | CS | I | I | I | I |
| Rosiglitazone | Ratziu et al 2006 | 63 | R, DB, PC | I | ND | I | ND |
| Metformin | Marchesini et al 2001 | 14 | C | I | ND | ND | ND |
| Metformin | Uygun et al 2004 | 17 | R, C | I | U | U | I |
| Metformin | Schwimmer et al 2005 | 10 | CS | I | ND | ND | ND |
| Atorvastatin | Horlander et al 2001 | 7 | CS | U | U | I | ND |
| Atorvastatin | Kiyici et al 2003 | 27 | CS | I | I | ND | I |
| Pravastatin | Rallidis et al 2004 | 5 | CS | I | ND | I | ND |
| Rosuvastatin | Antonopoulos et al 2006 | 23 | CS | I | ND | ND | ND |
| Gemfibrozil | Basaranoglu, Acbay et al 1999 | 23 | R, C | I | ND | ND | ND |
| Apoptosis | |||||||
| Ursodiol | Laurin et al 1996 | 24 | R, C | I | I | U | ND |
| Ursodiol | Kiyici et al 2003 | 27 | CS | I | I | U | U |
| Ursodiol | Lindor et al 2004 | 80 | R, B, PC | U | U | U | ND |
| Oxidative Stress/Inflammation: Antioxidants | |||||||
| Vitamin E | Lavine 2000 | 11 | CS | I | ND | ND | ND |
| Vitamin E & C | Harrison et al 2003 | 23 | R, DB, PC | U | ND | U | ND |
| Vitamin E | Bugianesi et al 2005 | 28 | R, C | I | ND | ND | ND |
| Oxidative Stress/Inflammation: Pro-biotics/Pre-biotics | |||||||
| VSL#3 | Loguercio et al 2005 | 22 | CS | I | ND | ND | ND |
| Oxidative Stress/Inflammation: Anti-cytokines | |||||||
| Pentoxifylline | Adams et al 2004 | 20 | CS | I | ND | ND | ND |
| Pentoxifylline | Satapathy et al 2004 | 18 | CS | I | ND | ND | ND |
| Pentoxifylline | Lee et al 2006 | 11 | R, DB, PC | U | ND | ND | ND |
| Oxidative Stress/Inflammation: Glutathione recursors | |||||||
| Betaine | Abdelmalek et al 2001 | 10 | CS | I | U | I | ND |
| Betaine | Abdelmalek et al 2006 | 55 | R, PC | U | ND | U | ND |
| Fibrosis | |||||||
| Losartan | Yokohama et al 2004, 2006 | 7 | CS | I | U | I | ND |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; B, blinded; C, controlled; CS, case series; DB, double-blinded; I, improved; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; ND, no data; PC, placebo-controlled; R, randomized; U, unchanged; US, ultrasound.