Table 4.
Likelihood of change in determinants in the first time lapse and change in F&V intake frequency in the same time lapse, and later in time estimated with multinomial multilevel analyses, separately for children of the Schoolgruiten Project and the Pro Children Study
| Change in determinants of F&V intake in first time lapse | Stable high/increase in fruit intake frequency in first time lapse | Stable high/increase in vegetable intake frequency in first time lapse | Stable high/increase in fruit intake frequency in second time lapse | Stable high/increase in vegetable intake frequency in second time lapse | |||||||||
| Schoolgruiten Project | |||||||||||||
| N | OR | 95% CI | N | OR | 95% CI | N | OR | 95% CI | N | OR | 95% CI | ||
| Liking | Decreased (2) | - | - | - | 43 | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | 43 | 1.00 | - |
| Stable low (1) (decreased (1)) | 68 | 1.00 | - | 98 | 1.03 | 0.61 – 1.73 | 68 | 1.00 | - | 98 | 0.76 | 0.46 – 1.26 | |
| Stable high – increased (0) | 220 | 2.89 | 1.64 – 5.09 | 111 | 4.14 | 2.44 – 7.02 | 220 | 1.93 | 1.10 – 3.40 | 111 | 1.30 | 0.79 – 2.14 | |
| Knowledge | Decreased/stable low (1) | 91 | 1.00 | - | 176 | 1.00 | - | 91 | 1.00 | - | 176 | 1.00 | - |
| Stable high – increased (0) | 172 | 1.64 | 0.97 – 2.79 | 76 | 1.59 | 0.88 – 2.87 | 172 | 0.88 | 0.52 – 1.50 | 76 | 1.43 | 0.79 – 2.58 | |
| Taking fruit with-out asking | Decreased/stable low (1) | 57 | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | 57 | 1.00 | - | - | - | - |
| Stable high – increased (0) | 225 | 1.18 | 0.63 – 2.18 | - | - | - | 225 | 1.21 | 0.65 – 2.24 | - | - | - | |
| Availability at home | Decreased/stable low (1) | 55 | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | 55 | 1.00 | - | - | - | - |
| Stable high – increased (0) | 230 | 2.97 | 1.61 – 5.46 | - | - | - | 230 | 1.51 | 0.82 – 2.78 | - | - | - | |
| Pro Children Study | |||||||||||||
| N | OR | 95% CI | N | OR | 95% CI | N | OR | 95% CI | N | OR | 95% CI | ||
| Liking | Decreased/stable low (1) | 72 | 1.00 | - | 117 | 1.00 | - | 72 | 1.00 | - | 117 | 1.00 | - |
| Stable high – increased (0) | 118 | 3.39 | 1.80 – 6.37 | 85 | 1.40 | 0.77 – 2.54 | 118 | 3.23 | 1.69 – 6.15 | 85 | 1.62 | 0.90 – 2.93 | |
| Knowledge | Decreased (2) | - | - | - | 44 | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | 44 | 1.00 | - |
| Stable low (1) (decreased (1)) | 47 | 1.00 | - | 100 | 0.57 | 0.33 – 1.01 | 47 | 1.00 | - | 100 | 1.07 | 0.61 – 1.86 | |
| Stable high – increased (0) | 166 | 1.79 | 0.91 – 3.52 | 67 | 0.93 | 0.51 – 1.69 | 166 | 1.59 | 0.81 – 3.14 | 67 | 1.36 | 0.75 – 2.46 | |
| General self-efficacy | Decreased/stable low (1) | 63 | 1.00 | - | 85 | 1.00 | - | 63 | 1.00 | - | 85 | 1.00 | - |
| Stable high – increased (0) | 139 | 2.19 | 1.17 – 4.10 | 118 | 1.38 | 0.76 – 2.49 | 139 | 1.60 | 0.86 – 3.00 | 118 | 1.33 | 0.75 – 2.35 | |
| Modeling | Decreased/stable low (1) | 110 | 1.00 | - | 95 | 1.00 | - | 110 | 1.00 | - | 95 | 1.00 | - |
| Stable high – increased (0) | 80 | 1.16 | 0.64 – 2.13 | 101 | 2.29 | 1.27 – 4.14 | 80 | 1.75 | 0.94 – 3.25 | 101 | 1.48 | 0.83 – 2.64 | |
| Active encourage | Decreased/stable low (1) | 100 | 1.00 | - | 86 | 1.00 | - | 100 | 1.00 | - | 86 | 1.00 | - |
| Stable high – increased (0) | 103 | 1.78 | 1.00 – 3.16 | 122 | 1.96 | 1.10 – 3.50 | 103 | 1.79 | 1.00 – 3.21 | 122 | 1.63 | 0.92 – 2.88 | |
| Facilitation | Decreased (2) | 81 | 1.00 | - | 78 | 1.00 | - | 81 | 1.00 | - | 78 | 1.00 | - |
| Stable low (1) (decreased (1)) | 54 | 0.84 | 0.44 – 1.60 | 66 | 0.80 | 0.43 – 1.46 | 54 | 0.78 | 0.41 – 1.49 | 66 | 0.76 | 0.42 – 1.38 | |
| Stable high – increased (0) | 77 | 1.64 | 0.92 – 2.94 | 64 | 2.57 | 1.32 – 4.98 | 77 | 1.77 | 0.97 – 3.22 | 64 | 2.12 | 1.12 – 4.01 | |
| Demand family rule | Decreased (2) | 53 | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | 53 | 1.00 | - | - | - | - |
| Stable low (1) (decreased (1)) | 52 | 0.64 | 0.33 – 1.24 | 77 | 1.00 | - | 52 | 0.85 | 0.45 – 1.61 | 77 | 1.00 | - | |
| Stable high – increased (0) | 106 | 2.63 | 1.48 – 4.68 | 138 | 3.10 | 1.66 – 5.79 | 106 | 1.66 | 0.95 – 2.91 | 138 | 3.06 | 1.64 – 5.68 | |
| Allow family rule | Decreased/stable low (1) | 31 | 1.00 | - | 64 | 1.00 | - | 31 | 1.00 | - | 64 | 1.00 | - |
| Stable high – increased (0) | 180 | 0.70 | 0.32 – 1.54 | 150 | 1.72 | 0.94 – 3.16 | 180 | 1.76 | 0.80 – 3.91 | 150 | 1.94 | 1.06 – 3.55 | |
| Availability at home | Decreased/stable low (1) | 75 | 1.00 | - | 80 | 1.00 | - | 75 | 1.00 | - | 80 | 1.00 | - |
| Stable high – increased (0) | 112 | 2.38 | 1.29 – 4.40 | 115 | 1.47 | 0.79 – 2.71 | 112 | 1.38 | 0.76 – 2.53 | 115 | 2.14 | 1.17 – 3.91 | |
OR – odds ration for comparison with the control group; CI, confidence interval.
Analyses are adjusted for children's age, gender, region of residence of the children (only in the Schoolgruiten study), and parental educational level