TABLE 3.

Inbreeding, kinship, and effective population

	Dogs in generations 6 and 7
Breed	N	Mean f	% > 0.1	Maximum f	Ne	Mean kinship	% survival 6 generations
Akita Inu	2,864	0.038	9.0	0.32	45	0.023	30
Boxer	44,521	0.048	16	0.50	45	0.017	11
English bulldog	12,396	0.057	18	0.41	48	0.038	17
Chow chow	1,747	0.051	19	0.38	50	0.028	6.2
Rough collie	4,650	0.073	29	0.38	33	0.020	2.9
Golden retriever	31,259	0.035	8.2	0.39	67	0.013	6.3
Greyhound	16	0.058	0	0.08	17	0.072	6.5
German shepherd dog	43,488	0.033	12	0.47	76	0.014	5.6
Labrador retriever	97,884	0.024	5.2	0.39	114	0.012	9.2
English springer spaniel	23,721	0.033	6.0	0.38	72	0.017	8.0

Columns 2–4 describe the pedigree-based inbreeding coefficient f of dogs in generations 6 and 7 (5.5 ≤ GN ≤ 7.5): number of dogs, mean f, and percentage of dogs with f > 0.1. Column 5, maximum f over all dogs in breed; column 6, inbreeding effective population size of breed calculated from the average increase in f over generations 1–5; column 7, average kinship over all pairs of dogs in the final two generations represented in each breed; column 8, percentage of singleton founder alleles expected to survive until generation 6.