Table 4.

Effects of Assimilation for Cubans

	High School Graduation^a	College Enrollment^a	Academic Achievement^b	Self- Esteem^b	Depression^b	Delinquency^b	Violence^b	Controlled Substance Use^b	Sexual Intercourse^b,^d
Assimilation Measure
Length of Stay	0.036	0.041	0.013	-0.008	0.010	0.071 ^**	0.022	0.040	1.060 ^***
Length of Stay > 5 years	0.227	-0.060	0.069	0.019	-0.579	0.722 ^*	0.149	4.889 ^*	1.290
U.S.- Born	-0.135	-0.745 ^*	-0.206	-0.118	-0.273	-0.057	0.116	1.922	0.996
% U.S.-Born in Neighborhood	-0.032	-0.098	0.052 ^*	-0.009	-0.189	0.056	0.064	-0.070	1.006
% U.S.-Born > 70%	-0.271	-0.984 ^*	0.379 ^*	-0.114	-1.154	0.331	0.187	-1.976	0.831
% Non-Co-Ethnics in Neighborhood	-0.033	-0.070	0.045 ^*	-0.016	-0.147	0.076	0.075	0.155	1.005
% Non-Co-Ethnics> 60%	-0.043	-0.425	0.360 ^*	-0.108	-1.044	0.685	0.627	1.008	0.968
English language use in home	-0.343	-0.114	0.241	-0.187	0.759	0.080	-0.068	2.529	1.458 ^*
Proportion of non-coethnic friends	0.262	-0.449	0.044	-0.218	-0.977	0.090	0.049	0.306	1.436

Statistical Significance:

p<.10

^**

p< .05

^***

p<.01

Notes:

^a)

Wave 3 data. N = 312

^b)

Wave 1 data. N = 453

^c)

Models control for specific ethnicity, age, sex, family income, parental education, neighborhood poverty rate, and family structure. Models using assimilation measures other than length of stay and generation also control for length of stay and generation.

^d)

Hazard ratio of intitiating sexual intercourse.

Highlighting indicates a beneficial effect of assimilation that is statistically significant at the .05 level

Underlining indicates a detrimental effect of assimilation that is statistically significant at the .05 level