Appendix B.

Variable Descriptions and Means

Variable	Variable Description	Mean for Asians	Mean for Hispanics
Assimilation Measure
Length of Stay	Years since arrival in U.S., for first-generation immigrants	8.38	8.46
Length of Stay > 5 years	Binary: 1= Length of stay > 5 years, 0= Length of stay <=5 years	0.75	0.74
U.S.- Born	Binary: 1=second generation, 0=first generation	0.41	0.62
% U.S.-Born in Neighborhood	% of U.S-born persons in respondent’s neighborhood (higher=fewer co-ethnics)	78.2	73.7
% U.S.-Born > 70%	Binary: 1=neighborhood population more than 70% U.S. born	0.65	0.66
% Non-Co-Ethnics in Neighborhood	% of non-Hispanics (non-Asians) in neighborhood, for Hispanic (Asian) respondents	80.2	62.6
% Non-Co-Ethnics> 75% (Asians), >60% (Hispanics)	Binary: 1=% Co-ethnics in neighborhood less than approximate race-specific median	0.68	0.61
English language use in home	Uses English language at home	0.54	0.35
Proportion of non-coethnic friends	Proportion of the respondent’s friends who are not of the same ethnicity	0.60	0.52
Context Meausure
Poor Neighborhood	Neighborhood context: Poverty rate in neighborhood	0.11	0.19

Outcome Measure
High School Graduation^a	Binary: 1=respondent graduated from high school by Wave 3	0.91	0.73
College Enrollment^a	Binary: 1=respondent enrolled in college by Wave 3	0.84	0.55
Academic Achievement	Average grades in Wave 1, standardized and adjusted for achievement differences across schools	0.29	-0.43
Self-Esteem	Score on self-esteem scale (higher=more self esteem)	2.98	3.02
Depression	Score on depression scale	12.21	12.61
Delinquency	Frequency of delinquent acts in last year	1.06	1.22
Violence	Frequency of violent acts in last year	0.96	1.37
Controlled Substance Use	Age-specific percentile score in combined use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana	43.11	45.97
Initiation of Sex	Age of first sexual intercourse
Control Variables
Age	Respondent’s age at Wave 1 interview	16.13	16.05
Gender	Binary: 1=Female	0.47	0.51
Parent interview missing	No parent interview (hence no family income information)	0.32	0.17
Family Income	Log of family income, imputed for those with missing parent interview	10.40	9.75
Average parental education	Average of parental education in 2-parent family, parent’s education in single-parent family	13.65	10.98
Single parent family	Binary: 1=single parent family, 0 otherwise	0.17	0.28
Stepparent family	Binary: 1=stepparent family, 0 otherwise	0.09	0.15

Notes:

^a)

Wave 3 data. N = 713 for Asians; N = 1,204 for Hispanics

^b)

All other measures came from Wave 1 data. N = 993 for Asians; N = 1,661 for Hispanics