Table 3.

Odds Ratios for Presence of Cognitive Impairment in 1993 and 2002 (N=14,476)

Variable	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6	Model 7
Trend (2002 vs. 1993)	0.68 (0.60 – 0.77)	0.65 (0.58 – 0.73)	0.76 (0.67 – 0.86)	0.80 (0.70 – 0.91)	0.77 (0.67 – 0.87)	0.74 (0.64 – 0.86)	0.72 (0.62 – 0.83)
Age
70 - 79		Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
80 - 89		2.38 (2.08 – 2.73)	2.21 (1.93 – 2.52)	2.11 (1.84 – 2.41)	2.30 (1.98 – 2.67)	2.27 (1.98 – 2.61)	2.34 (2.07 – 2.72)
≥ 90		6.82 (5.67 – 8.21)	5.56 (4.57 – 6.75)	5.00 (4.11 – 6.08)	5.86 (4.71 – 7.29)	5.63 (4.51 – 7.04)	6.01 (4.84 – 7.46)
Female gender		0.83 (0.72 – 0.95)	0.83 (0.72 – 0.96)	0.72 (0.62 – 0.82)	0.77 (0.66 – 0.89)	0.79 (0.66 – 0.94)	0.76 (0.64 – 0.90)
Education (years)
< 12			Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
12			0.32 (0.28 – 0.38)	0.40 (0.35 – 0.47)	0.44 (0.38 – 0.51)	0.44 (0.38 – 0.51)	0.45 (0.39 – 0.52)
13 – 15			0.24 (0.19 – 0.29)	0.32 (0.26 – 0.40)	0.35 (0.28 – 0.43)	0.35 (0.28 – 0.44)	0.36 (0.29 – 0.45)
≥ 16			0.19 (0.15 – 0.24)	0.29 (0.22 – 0.37)	0.30 (0.23 – 0.39)	0.30 (0.23 – 0.39)	0.30 (0.23 – 0.39)
Net Worth (1993 $s)
≤ 43,500				Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
43,500 – 167,100				0.50 (0.43 – 0.57)	0.55 (0.47 – 0.63)	0.58 (0.50 – 0.66)	0.59 (0.51 – 0.68)
> 167,100				0.34 (0.28 – 0.41)	0.38 (0.33 – 0.46)	0.42 (0.35 – 0.51)	0.44 (0.36 – 0.53)
Race
White					Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Black					2.38 (1.97 – 2.86)	2.52 (2.11 – 3.02)	2.61 (2.19 – 3.12)
Other					2.35 (1.70 – 3.26)	2.60 (1.88 – 3.61)	2.60 (1.85 – 3.67)
Caregiver Network
Spouse present					1.17 (1.01 – 1.36)	1.19 (1.03 – 1.38)	1.19 (1.03 – 1.37)
Living child					1.02 (0.82 – 1.28)	1.01 (0.81 – 1.25)	1.02 (0.83 – 1.26)
Cardiovascular Risks
Stroke						2.86 (2.49 – 3.29)	2.86 (2.48 – 3.29)
Diabetes						1.08 (0.92 – 1.26)	1.07 (0.91 – 1.25)
Hypertension						0.84 (0.73 – 0.96)	0.82 (0.71 – 0.94)
Obesity						0.90 (0.73 – 1.11)	0.90 (0.73 – 1.11)
Heart disease						0.94 (0.81 – 1.10)	0.92 (0.79 – 1.07)
Smoking Status
Never						Ref.	Ref.
Former						0.99 (0.83 – 1.18)	0.98 (0.83 – 1.13)
Current						1.14 (0.85 – 1.54)	1.12 (0.83 – 1.52)
Other Chronic Conditions
Lung disease							0.97 (0.80 – 1.17)
Cancer							0.92 (0.77 – 1.12)
Psychiatric problem							1.86 (1.62 – 2.14)

Cognitive impairment includes those with mild, moderate, or severe cognitive impairment.

95% Confidence intervals are in parentheses.

Adjusted odds ratios derived using a logistic regression model with pooled 1993 (N=7,393) and 2002 (N=7,083) data with cognitive impairment (mild, moderate, or severe) as the dependent variable. Values greater than 1 indicate increased odds of cognitive impairment.