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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Update Cancer Ther. 2008 Mar;3(1):27–32. doi: 10.1016/j.uct.2007.11.003

Figure 1. Mechanisms by which CpG ODN may contribute to cancer immunotherapy.

Figure 1

CpG ODN can enhance tumor antigen presentation and T cell response when administered as an adjuvant with cancer vaccines or following antigen release induced by standard cytotoxic treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation. CpG ODN can induce production from dendritic cells of cytokines such as IFN alpha which activate NK cells. The activated NK cells then mediate enhanced antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity or direct killing of NK sensitive cancers. CpG ODN can also lead directly to activation-induced cell death of TLR9 positive B cell malignancies.