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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mem Lang. 2008 May;58(4):998–1011. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2007.11.001

Table 3.

Spanish Phonology Assessment Outcomes

Native Speakers Childhood Speakers Childhood Overhearers Typical Late-L2-Learners
Sentence Accent Rating 4.4a (.05) 3.8b (.11) 3.4b (.11) 3.0c (.09)
Narrative Accent Rating 5.0a (0) 3.4b (.34) 3.1b (.22) 2.4c (.12)

Note: Accent ratings were on a 5-point scale, with higher ratings indicating more native-like performance.