Table 2.

Significant differences in cytokine distribution between HD patients and control subjects^a

Parameter	HD (n = 134)		Controls (n = 150)		Pb
	n	%	n	%
IL-6 (ng/ml)
<6.975	44	32.8	139	92.7	<0.0001
6.975 to 16.618	45	33.6	8	5.3
≥16.619	45	33.6	3	2.0
IL-1β (ng/ml)
<0.795	42	31.3	100	66.7	<0.0001
0.795 to 1.662	47	35.1	15	10.0
≥1.663	45	33.6	35	23.3
TNF-α (ng/ml)
<8.614	44	32.8	119	79.4	<0.0001
8.614 to 13.052	45	33.6	23	15.3
≥13.053	45	33.6	8	5.3
IFN-γ (ng/ml)
<2.036	42	31.3	126	84.0	<0.0001
2.036 to 3.982	45	33.6	0	–
≥3.983	47	35.1	24	16.0
VEGF (ng/ml)
<5.526	44	32.8	14	9.3	<0.0001
5.526 to 11.540	45	33.6	0	–
≥11.541	45	33.6	136	90.7
EGF (ng/ml)
<16.202	43	32.1	16	10.7	<0.0001
16.202 to 43.490	46	34.3	18	12.0
≥43.491	45	33.6	116	77.3
MCP-1 (ng/ml)
<170.783	44	32.8	8	5.3	<0.0001
170.783 to 227.070	45	33.6	9	6.0
≥227.071	45	33.6	133	88.7

^aEGF, epithelial growth factor; HD, hemodialysis; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

^bAdjusted for age and gender.