Table 4.
Effects of hyponatremia and hypernatremia on total direct medical costsa
| Costs | Effect of Hyponatremia
|
Effect of Hypernatremia
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate Model | Multivariable Modelb | Univariate Model | Multivariable Modelb | |
| 6 mo | ||||
| medical costs | 98.8 (80.4 to 119.2) | 41.2 (30.3 to 53.0) | 16.5 (7.5 to 26.3) | 5.4 (−1.4 to 12.6) |
| inpatient costs only | 175.4 (136.3 to 221.0) | 76.4 (55.0 to 100.7) | 39.7 (21.9 to 60.1) | 18.5 (5.7 to 32.9) |
| 1 yr | ||||
| medical costs | 107.6 (87.2 to 130.1) | 45.7 (34.2 to 58.2) | 18.5 (8.7 to 29.2) | 6.3 (−0.8 to 13.8) |
| inpatient costs only | 206.7 (163.3 to 257.3) | 95.6 (73.3 to 120.8) | 37.4 (19.0 to 58.7) | 14.7 (2.4 to 28.5) |
a
Values are expressed as the estimated percent change in costs (95% confidence interval).
b
The multivariable model controlled for age, sex, geographic region, underlying and comorbid conditions, and medications known to cause hyponatremia.