Table 2. Risk of lung cancer, other smoking-related cancers, and cardiovascular disease distributed by demographic and lifestyle factorsa.

	Controlsb		Lung Cancer								Smoking-related cancerb								Cardiovascular diseasec
	Male	Female	Male				Female				Male				Female				Male				Female
	n=1383	n=2676	n=333		95% CI		n=90		95% CI		n=1330		95% CI		n=2631		95% CI		n=159		95% CI		n=557		95% CI
Risk factor	n	n	n	OR	LCI	UCI	n	OR	LCI	UCI	n	OR	LCI	UCI	n	OR	LCI	UCI	n	OR	LCI	UCI	n	OR	LCI	UCI
Age
18–34	253	412	5	1.0	Referent		2	1.0	Referent		90	1.0	Referent		213	1.0	Referent		22	1.0	Referent		77	1.0	Referent
35–54	478	1212	136	12.5	5.0	31.4	27	2.8	0.6	12.1	530	2.4	1.8	3.3	1283	1.5	1.2	1.8	88	2.0	1.2	3.4	228	0.8	0.6	1.1
55–98	650	1050	192	15.4	6.1	38.7	61	7.1	1.7	30.3	710	2.5	1.9	3.4	1134	1.4	1.1	1.7	49	0.8	0.4	1.5	252	1.0	0.7	1.4
χ2 (P trend)				35.0	(<0.0001)			19.2	(<0.0001)			23.2	(<0.0001)			2.7	(0.10)			2.1	(0.15)			0.5	(0.50)
Unspecified	2	2	0	—	—	—	0	—	—	—	0	—	—	—	1	—	—	—	0	—	—	—	0	—	—	—
Education (years)
0–5	761	1317	226	1.0	Referent		61	1.0	Referent		848	1.0	Referent		1683	1.0	Referent		66	1.0	Referent		287	1.0	Referent
6–8	371	888	87	0.9	0.7	1.2	27	1.1	0.7	1.8	352	0.9	0.8	1.1	728	0.8	0.7	0.9	45	1.2	0.8	1.9	201	1.1	0.9	1.4
9+	243	462	19	0.5	0.3	0.8	2	0.3	0.1	1.2	121	0.7	0.5	0.9	189	0.5	0.4	0.6	27	1.2	0.7	2.1	67	0.7	0.5	1.0
χ2 (P trend)				5.4	(0.02)			1.3	(0.26)			4.6	(0.03)			59.8	(<0.0001)			0.7	(0.41)			1.4	(0.24)
Unspecified	8	9	1	0.8	0.1	8.0	0	—	—	—	9	1.6	0.6	4.8	31	3.1	1.5	6.6	21	6.1	1.0	36.4	2	1.1	0.2	5.1
Smoking status d
Never	528	2264	16	1.0	Referent		46	1.0	Referent		176	1.0	Referent		1970	1.0	Referent		25	1.0	Referent		412	1.0	Referent
Former	338	167	83	7.2	4.1	12.6	12	2.6	1.3	5.1	344	2.8	2.2	3.5	235	1.4	1.1	1.8	23	1.6	0.9	2.8	82	2.6	1.9	3.4
Current	513	227	234	16.3	9.6	27.6	32	6.4	4.0	10.4	808	4.6	3.7	5.7	407	1.9	1.6	2.2	90	3.4	2.1	5.4	63	1.5	1.1	2.1
χ2 (P trend)				142.4	(<0.0001)			58.2	(<0.0001)			189.0	(<0.0001)			50.5	(<0.0001)			29.3	(<0.0001)			15.0	(<0.0001)
Ever	851	394	317	12.2	7.3	20.6	44	4.6	3.0	7.2	1152	3.9	3.2	4.7	642	1.7	1.4	1.9	113	2.7	1.7	4.3	145	2.0	1.6	2.5
Unspecified	4	18		—	—	—	0	—	—	—	2	2.0	0.3	13.0	19	1.1	0.6	2.2		15.3	2.1	111.7	0	—	—	—
Cooking fuel e
Electrical	1079	1970	230	1.0	Referent		60	1.0	Referent		937	1.0	Referent		1588	1.0	Referent		104	1.0	Referent		432	1.0	Referent
Non-electrical	300	703	103	1.6	1.2	2.2	30	1.4	0.8	2.2	390	1.5	1.3	1.9	1030	1.6	1.4	1.8	34	1.2	0.8	1.8	125	0.8	0.6	1.0
χ2 (P heterogeneity)				10.1	(0.002)			1.6	(0.20)			19.4	(<0.0001)			59.6	(<0.0001)			0.5	(0.47)			3.7	(0.05)
Unspecified	4	3	0	—	—	—	0	—	—	—	3	0.6	0.1	3.4	13	5.1	1.4	18.3	21	5.1	0.7	37.2	0	—	—	—
Smoking status by cooking fuel
Never smoke/electrical	397	1662	11	1.0	Referent		31	1.0	Referent		113	1.0	Referent		1178	1.0	Referent		17	1.0	Referent		326	1.0	Referent
Never smoke/non-electrical	131	600	5	1.4	0.5	4.0	15	1.3	0.7	2.4	63	1.6	1.1	2.4	782	1.6	1.4	1.8	8	1.5	0.6	3.6	86	0.7	0.5	0.9
Ever smoke/electrical	681	293	219	11.1	6.0	20.8	29	4.3	2.5	7.3	824	3.9	3.1	5.0	399	1.7	1.4	2.0	87	3.0	1.8	5.2	106	1.8	1.4	2.3
Ever smoke/non-electrical	167	101	98	20.1	10.4	38.9	15	6.8	3.5	13.4	326	6.1	4.6	8.2	241	2.7	2.1	3.5	26	3.6	1.8	7.0	39	1.9	1.3	2.9
χ2 (P trend)				117.8	(<0.0001)			44.6	(<0.0001)			188.0	(<0.0001)			91.6	(<0.0001)			18.1	(<0.0001)			17.9	(<0.0001)
Unspecified	7	20	0	—	—	—	0	—	—	—	4	2.0	0.5	7.5	31	2.0	1.1	3.6	21	15.8	4.0	62.1	0	—	—	—

^aAnalyses adjusted for age, education, smoking status, and cooking fuel; odds ratios (OR) with 95% lower (LCI) and upper (UCI) confidence intervals presented.

^bSee Table 1 for disease groupings.

^cPrimarily hypertenstion (37%), stroke (25%) and congestive heart failure (18%).

^dCurrent smokers included those who smoked within 5 years of interview.

^eNon-electrical cooking fuel included wood, charcoal, coal, anthracite, parafin, and gas.