Table 3. Risk of lung cancer, other smoking-related cancers, and cardiovascular disease distributed by smoking variablesa.

	Controlsb		Lung cancer								Smoking-related cancerb								Cardiovascular diseasec
	Male	Female	Male				Female				Male				Female				n=159				95% CI
	n=1383	n=2676	n=333		95% CI		n=90		95% CI		n=1330		95% CI		n=2631		95% CI		n=159		95% CI		n=557		95% CI
Risk factor	n	n	n	OR	LCI	UCI	n	OR	LCI	UCI	n	OR	LCI	UCI	n	OR	LCI	UCI	n	OR	LCI	UCI	n	OR	LCI	UCI
Years smoked
Never smoked	528	2264	16	1.0	Referent		46	1.0	Referent		176	1.0	Referent		1970	1.0	Referent		25	1.0	Referent		412	1.0	Referent
Former smoker
1–20	69	62	15	6.0	3.5	10.4	1	2.6	0.9	7.6	56	2.3	1.6	3.5	58	0.9	0.7	1.4	14	4.3	2.1	8.9	12	1.0	0.6	2.0
21+	53	32	22	10.1	6.0	17.1	29	2.0	0.4	8.5	53	2.8	1.8	4.3	46	1.5	1.0	2.4	7	4.9	1.9	12.5	10	1.5	0.7	3.1
χ2 (P trend)				49.1	(<0.0001)			2.2	(0.13)			38.2	(<0.0001)			1.1	(0.29)			15.0	(<0.0001)			1.3	(0.26)
Current smoker
1–20	189	59	15	5.1	2.8	9.3	4	1.4	0.2	10.5	98	1.8	1.3	2.5	60	1.2	0.8	1.8	19	1.5	0.7	2.8	14	1.3	0.7	2.4
21+	298	155	210	20.1	14.9	27.2	2	7.4	4.5	12.3	661	6.1	4.9	7.7	319	2.1	1.7	2.5	70	5.5	3.2	9.2	47	1.7	1.2	2.3
χ2 (P trend)				131.2	(<0.0001)			59.2	(<0.0001)			240.8	(<0.0001)			45.4	(<0.0001)			36.8	(<0.0001)			8.4	(0.004)
Unspecified	246	104	55	7.1	4.9	10.4	8	3.1	1.4	6.8	286	3.4	2.6	4.3	178	1.7	1.3	2.2	24	0.5	0.2	1.3	62	3.2	2.3	4.4
Tobacco/day d
Never Smoked	528	2264	16	1.0	Referent		46	1.0	Referent		176	1.0	Referent		1970	1.0	Referent		25	1.0	Referent		412	1.0	Referent
Former smoker
1–14g	243	137	45	5.4	3.0	9.8	11	2.9	1.5	5.8	197	2.3	1.7	2.9	203	1.5	1.2	1.9	15	1.5	0.7	2.9	63	2.4	1.7	3.3
15+g	88	19	36	11.7	6.2	22.2	1	2.0	0.3	15.4	138	4.1	3.0	5.7	25	1.3	0.7	2.3	8	2.1	0.9	4.8	17	4.8	2.5	9.4
χ2 (P trend)				63.1	(<0.0001)			7.7	(0.006)			100.0	(<0.0001)			10.6	(0.001)			3.9	(0.05)			45.5	(<0.0001)
Current smoker
1–14 g	405	202	113	10.4	6.0	18.0	23	5.3	3.1	9.0	554	4.1	3.3	5.1	353	1.8	1.5	2.2	61	2.9	1.8	4.7	49	1.3	1.0	1.9
15+ g	95	20	115	37.4	21.0	66.5	9	18.5	7.7	44.5	241	6.8	5.1	9.2	50	2.6	1.5	4.5	29	6.1	3.4	11.1	14	3.9	1.9	7.8
χ2 (P trend)				183.5	(<0.0001)			67.2	(<0.0001)			196.3	(<0.0001)			48.4	(<0.0001)			36.3	(<0.0001)			13.1	(0.001)
Unspecified	24	34	8	10.2	3.9	26.7	0	—	—	—	24	2.8	1.5	5.2	30	0.9	0.5	1.4	21	1.7	0.4	7.0	2	0.3	0.1	1.4
Pack years e
Never Smoked	528	2264	16	1.0	Referent		46	1.0	Referent		176	1.0	Referent		1970	1.0	Referent		25	1.0	Referent		412	1.0	Referent
Former smoker
1–10	75	76	18	7.2	3.5	14.8	5	2.5	1.0	6.5	63	2.3	1.6	3.4	76	1.0	0.8	1.5	13	3.5	1.7	7.3	19	1.3	0.8	2.2
11–20	27	9	8	8.4	3.3	21.6	1	3.5	0.4	28.8	19	1.8	1.0	3.4	14	1.6	0.7	3.6	4	4.3	1.3	13.7	2	1.1	0.2	5.2
21+	20	6	11	15.8	6.4	38.7	0	—	—	—	25	3.4	1.8	6.3	13	2.0	0.8	5.4	4	7.0	2.1	23.4	1	0.9	0.1	7.3
χ2 (P trend)				46.6	(<0.0001)			2.3	(0.13)			34.7	(<0.0001)			2.5	(0.11)			16.6	(<0.0001)			0.4	(0.52)
Current smoker
1–10	257	140	48	8.1	4.4	14.7	9	3.4	1.6	7.1	257	3.3	2.6	4.2	198	1.5	1.2	1.9	44	3.0	1.7	5.1	35	1.4	0.9	2.1
11–20	117	51	46	11.6	6.3	21.4	9	7.0	3.2	15.3	215	4.9	3.7	6.6	107	2.1	1.5	3.0	15	2.3	1.2	4.7	10	1.1	0.5	2.1
21–30	64	9	42	18.8	9.9	35.7	7	30.0	10.3	87.6	126	5.3	3.7	7.5	44	5.1	2.5	10.5	6	2.1	0.8	5.3	7	4.0	1.5	10.7
31+	41	12	85	54.9	29.3	102.9	5	13.0	4.3	39.3	152	9.5	6.4	14.0	26	2.2	1.1	4.4	24	17.8	8.8	35.9	9	4.0	1.7	9.7
χ2 (P trend)				190.0	(<0.0001)			64.8	(<0.0001)			188.4	(<0.0001)			44.3	(<0.0001)			43.6	(<0.0001)			14.4	(<0.0001)
Unspecified	254	109	59	7.0	3.9	12.5	8	3.0	1.3	6.5	297	3.3	2.6	4.2	183	1.7	1.3	2.2	24	0.5	0.2	1.2	62	3.0	2.2	4.2

^aAnalyses adjusted for age, education, smoking status, and cooking fuel; odds ratios (OR) with 95% lower (LCI) and upper (UCI) confidence intervals presented.

^bSee Table 1 for disease groupings.

^cPrimarily hypertenstion (37%), stroke (25%) and congestive heart failure (18%).

^dIncluded cigarettes, hand-rolled cigarettes, and pipes.

^ePack Years calculated by dividing the number of grams of tobacco smoked per day by 20 (1 packet) and then multiplying by the number of years smoked.