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. 2003 Jul 1;89(1):8–14. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601035

Table 1. Comparison of methods used to monitor surrogate markers of antiangiogenic activity.

Method Advantages Disadvantages
Angiogenic factors Noninvasive (Urine/serum/plasma) Effects following inhibition of receptor unknown
  Quantitative Interpatient variability, tumour specific
PET, MRI, CT, US Assessment of tumour size, blood flow and volume Expensive, not routinely available
  Determine disease-specific response Effects on tumour blood flow not validated
Biopsy analysis Provides proof of concept Invasive
  Quantitative (LSC-based) Effects of tumour heterogeneity unknown
Ex vivo markers Noninvasive, feasible Difficult to detect rare cell populations
  Quantitative Requires immediate analysis